The Battle with the Slum

by Jacob A. Riis

M'Carthy, Mrs., of Cat Alley, [316].
Mahoney, Miss, of Cat Alley, [319].
Market, Colonel Waring's scheme, [273].
Marriages in Cat Alley, [325].
Massachusetts—
Demolition of dangerous houses, [123].
Tenement labor, registry system, [200].
Massachusetts, U.S.S., cost of, [346].
Medical inspection of schools, fight for, [357].
Menu, Mills House, [160].
Meyer, D., thief, [238].
Meyer, F., murderer, [98].
Mike of Poverty Gap, [239]-240.
Mills, D. O., see [Mills Houses].
Mills Houses—
Beds, [159].
Business management, [158].
Erection of hotels, [128].
Fame and success of, [162], [165].
Housing capacity, [161].
Menu, [160].
Privileges of, [159].
Thieves, safety from, [162].
Mississippi River town, reservation of vacant land, [17].
Model tenements, erection and success of, [128]-137.
Mooney, William, founder of Tammany, character of, [64].
Mortality rates, see [Death-rates].
Mott Street—
Barracks—
Death-rate, [123].
Destruction, [118], [120]-124.
Legal proceedings, [120], [123].
Bath, public, [282].
Big Flat, see that [title].
Cat Alley scrap, [320]-322.
Trilby, gang in pursuit, [332].
Mulberry Bend—
Bottle Alley, see that [title].
Description, [39]-40.
Destruction, [39]-41, [51].
Campaign difficulties, [272]-276.
Cost of, [275].
Wrecked square—
Accident to children, [270].
Nuisance, [276].
Effect of reform, [307]-309.
Italian criminals, nest of, [204]-205.
Night scenes, [173].
Old Church tenements, [16].
Park—
Appropriation lost, [40].
Completion and opening, [266].
Cost, [18].
Dedication, [267]-268.
"Keep off the grass," [267].
School building reform, [355].
Whyó gang headquarters, [272], [308].
Mullen, Patrick, story of, [413]-414.
Mullen's Court, purchase for destruction, [119].
Murders—
Beresheim, J., [227].
Forsythe Street tragedy, [86].
Lodging houses, murders traced to, [156].
Meyer, F., [98].
Mike of Poverty Gap, [239]-240.
Weeks, L. S., [156].

National Consumers' League, work of, [196]-201.
Naturalization papers, fraudulent, [186], [190], [207].
Neckties, Poverty Gap, [51].
Negroes—
Character as tenants, [110].
Model tenements for, [134].
Neighborliness, need of, [398]-403.
Nero, enactment as to height of buildings, [11].
New Jersey, Jewish colonies, [212]-215.
New Orange, home-building attempt abandoned, [214].
"Nurseries of crime," lodging houses as, [54], [156].

Old Church tenements, [16].
One-room houses, beginnings of, [97].
Open spaces, see [Parks and playgrounds].
Orchard Street—
Jews dwelling under stairs, [95].
One-room houses, beginnings of, [97].
Outdoor Recreation League—
"Hudson-bank" park, [292].
Organization and object, [300].
Seward Park gymnastic apparatus, [302].
Overcrowding—
Battle against, [83]-86.
Double-deckers as cause of, [102].
Elizabeth Street, midnight inspection, [99]-102.
Increase statistics, [81]-83.
Promoters of, high rents and low wages, [96].

Paddock, Rev. R., evidence against Tammany evil-doers, [72].
Palmerston, Lord, advice as to checking an epidemic, [34].
Park Avenue hotel for working girls, failure of, [29], [165]-166.
Parkhurst disclosures, [41], [66].
Park Street, cellars, [20].
Parks and playgrounds—
Advisory committee, action, [287]-291.
Chicago, [304]-305, [410], [439].
Crotona Park, athletic meets, [366].
East River Park, sacred grass, [301].
Effect of, [288]-289, [307]-309.
Essex Street, attempt to establish park, [294].
Gilder law, [276], [279].
Graveyard as playground, [302].
Hamilton Fish Park, see that [hamiltonfishpark].
Hebrew Institute, roof garden, [305]-307.
Holy Terror Park, [302].
"Hudson-bank," see that [title].
Mulberry Bend, see that [title].
Naming of, [374]-375.
Outdoor Recreation League, see that [title].
Poverty Gap playground, [302].
Proportion of park area down-town, [279].
Recreation piers, [292], [296], [299].
Rivington Street, attempt to establish park, [293].
Roof playgrounds, see that [title].
School playgrounds, see [Schools].
Seward Park, see that [title].
Small Parks law, see that [title].
Tammany neglect, [67], [309].
Tenement plots, [107], [108].
Thieves' Alley site, [286].
Parrot of Mrs. Ben Wah, story of, [441]-449.
People's Club, work of, [381].
People's Institute, educational work, [380].
People's University Extension Society, work of, [381].
Piers, recreation piers, [292], [296], [299].
Playgrounds, see [Parks and playgrounds].
Play piers, [292], [296], [299].
Police Board conspiracy, [417].
Policemen, candidates' examination papers, [220]-221.
Police station lodging rooms, [48]-50, [169]-170.
Policy swindle, [418].
Polish capmaker, home in Stanton Street tenement, [76]-80.
Political Education League, reform work, [247].
Political meetings in school buildings proposed, [407]-408.
Political tenements, [149], [152].
Poor, improvement, see [Association for improving condition of the poor].
Population—
Cat Alley, [314]-316.
Census, see that [title].
Charity of the poor, instances of, [216]-222, [322]-325, [445].
Death-rate, see that [title].
Foreign population, see that [title].
Increase statistics, [81]-83.
Inquiry by United States government, disclosures, [175].
Italians, see that [title].
Jews, see that [title].
Movement, [133].
Overcrowding, see that [title].
Sweating, see that [title].
Potter, Bishop—
Arraignment of Tammany corruption, [70]-73.
Pro-Cathedral, Stanton Street, [72], [182].
Religious organizations, [182].
Poverty Gap—
Improvement, [51]-52.
Mike, of Poverty Gap, [239]-240.
Neckties, [51].
Playground, [302].
Prague, picture of city, incident, [204].
Prison, see [Tombs].
Prostitution, Tammany organization, [69]-74.
Public baths, see [Baths].
Public Education Association, reform work, [371], [372], [378].
Public schools, see [Schools].
Push-cart men, Colonel Waring's market scheme, [273].

Quaker, builder of Gotham Court, [25].

Rear tenements, see [Tenements].
Recreation piers, [292], [296], [299].
Recruiting thief, [156], [164].
Reformatory report on weak character of boys, [244].
Reform by humane touch, [411]-440.
Reform effects in thirteen years, [42]-54.
Reform programme, [283]-285.
River baths, free, [282].
Riverside tenements built by A. T. White, [135], [140].
Rivington Street—
Bath-house, [281].
Mills Houses, see that [title].
Park, attempt to establish, [293].
Robberies—
Great Robbery, city treasury, [4]-5, [285].
Meyer, D., thief, [238].
Recruiting thief, [156], [164].
Tweed, thief, [4]-5, [285].
Robbins, Dr. Jane E., woman doctor in the slums, [205]-206.
Rome, slums of, [9]-11.
Roof gardens—
Educational Alliance building, [388].
Hebrew Institute, [305]-307.
Roof playgrounds, public schools, [291], [342].
Brass bands, [389]-395.
Fight for, [385]-389.
Hester Street school, [342], [359]-360.
Success of, [389]-439.
Roosevelt, Theodore—
Election as Governor, [56].
Law enforcement, [47], [235], [415], [418].
Reform administration, [50], [414]-418.
Tenement House Commission appointed, 1900, [147].
Roosevelt Street tenement, demolition of, [124].
Roses, Hester Street school, [364].

St. Andrew's Brotherhood, school children excursion schemes, [362].
Saloons—
Cheer and social life of tenements, [419]-420.
Club room for boys provided, [372].
Fight with Roosevelt, record of week of crime, [418].
Sandwiches—brick sandwiches, [224].
San Francisco, kindergarten record, [245].
Santa Claus in the slums, [310]-311.
[See also [Christmas trees].]
Scarlet fever epidemic traced to public school, [358].
Schools, public—
Allen Street building, [354], [357].
Appropriation for new schools, [44], [346].
Barrel and hog punishments, [341]-342.
Board of Education, work of, [365]-366.
Bronx primary school, 1895, condition of, [348].
Building, perfection of Snyder schools, [353].
Census, [349].
Charges and facts, [342]-345.
Clubs, classroom opened for, [372]-374.
Compulsory education law, non-enforcement, [231].
Control, abolition of ward trustee, etc., [347], [348].
Cooking classes, [367]-368.
Excursion schemes, [362].
Experimenting, [403]-410.
Eyes inspection, [358]-359.
Fourth Ward, examination of girls, [355]-357.
Hester Street, see that [title].
Immigrants, school as means of enrolment, [211], [212].
Kindergartens, benefit of, [365]-367.
Lack of schools, [43], [186].
Medical inspection fight, [357].
Mental befogment results, [230].
Nature lessons, [361]-364.
Neighborhood purposes, [387], [398]-410.
Number and naming of schools, [374], [375].
Playgrounds—
Advisory committee report, [290]-291.
Roof playgrounds, see that [title].
Political meetings in, suggested, [407]-408.
Public Education Association, reform work, [371], [372], [378].
Punishments in Madame Bruin's school, [341]-342.
Recreative purposes, [361].
Reform fight, [44]-45, [283], [345]-371.
Scarlet fever epidemic traced to public school, [358].
Seats, "dead-line," [408]-409.
Shower-baths, [283].
Social movement, use of the public school, [398]-410.
Sunday opening proposed, [399]-403.
Teachers' attitude to reform, [369]-371.
"Three H's" and "Three R's," [368], [387].
Tombs, school for boys awaiting trial, [378], [379].
Tompkins Square lodging house evening classes, [226].
Truant school, [241], [242], [349], [350].
Woman's work in reform, [371], [377], [379].
Schwab, Mr., summer excursions for boys, [405]-406.
Settlement, see [University Settlement].
Seven Dials reformation, "druv into decency," [113]-114.
Seward Park—
Crowds at play, [302]-304.
Delay in promised park, [295].
Gymnastics, [302]-303.
Work started on, [296].
Sheds, tenants in, [98].
Shower-baths for public schools, [283].
Silver campaign, Irish laborer story, [217].
Slaughter houses, rear tenements condemned as, [37], [105], [116].
Slovak immigration, [202].
Slums—
Bacillus of the slum, [62].
Beginning of the battle, [1]-4.
Chicago outlook, [17].
Clubs, see that [title].
Crime, see that [title].
Democratic government imperilled by, [6].
"Druv into decency," [113]-114.
Funeral show, [109].
Inquiry by United States government, [61], [97], [175].
Italians, see that [title].
Jews, see that [title].
Making of the slum, [1].
Military band, [252], [255].
Parks, see that [title].
Population, see that [title].
Rome, [9]-11.
Schools, see that [title].
Sensations and shows, [109].
Stroll through tenement-house neighborhood, [86]-108.
Sweating, see that [title].
Tammany, see that [title].
Tenements, see that [title].
Tuberculosis, [194]-196, [300].
Small parks law, [287].
Advisory committee action, [287]-291.
Lost appropriation, [40].
Origin of, [274].
Smallpox epidemics, [29], [34], [64], [67].
Snyder, builder of schools, [353].
Soap factories prohibited below Grand Street, [107].
Social halls scheme, [420].
Social movement, use of the public school, [398]-410.
Soup—end of free soup, [47].
Stanton Street—
Polish capmaker, home of, [76]-80.
Pro-Cathedral, [72], [182].
Stroll through neighborhood, [86].
Staten Island, summer excursions for boys, Mr. Schwab's proposal, [405]-406.
Stewart, A. T., hotel, failure of, [29], [165]-166.
Street cleaning, Colonel Waring's work, [45]-46, [268]-272, [415].
Stryker's Lane, truck farming, [366].
Sullivan Street, condition before demolition, [119]-120.
Sunlight in tenements, assessment on, [94].
Summer, 1896, power of resistance of heat, [125]-126.
Sunday opening of schools proposal, [399]-403.
Sweating—
Consumers' League, work of, [196]-201.
Fight against, [196].
Growth of, [31].
Home work in tenements, [183]-184, [194]-196.
Italian underbidding Jews, [183].
Jews, complaint against, [194].
United Garment Workers of America, compact, 1892, [198].
Swine and the cholera panic, 1866, [4], [29].

Tagging lost children proposed, [92].
Tailors—
Jewish quarrel, [183].
Sweating, see that [title].
Tammany—
Boss, character of, [420]-429.
Campaign of 1901 against, [63]-75.
Croker, R., see that [title].
Election, 1897, [425]-426.
Election night, slum scenes, [58].
Good Government Clubs condemned by, [126].
Hamilton Fish Park, use of people's baths, [149]-152.
History of corruption and peculation, [5], [60], [64]-74.
Immigrants claimed by slum politics, [186]-191, [211].
Italian immigrant vote, [187]-191.
Mooney, William, character of, [64].
Parkhurst and Lexow disclosures, [5], [41], [66].
Playgrounds policy, [309].
Prostitution organization, [69]-74.
Reform failures, [65].
Smallpox epidemics during government, [64], [67].
Tramp vote, [48].
Teachers, school reform attitude, [369]-371.
Tenants of the slums, see [Population].
Tenement House Commission—
Appointment, 1900, [147].
Gilder, see that [title].
"Infant slaughter houses," [37].
Tenement House Committee, volunteer, formation and work of, [143].
Tenement House Department, creation of, [147]-148.
Tenement House Exhibition, 1900, effect of, [143]-147.
Tenements—
Air-shaft, tenants' uses and peril of, [93].
Alfred Corning Clark buildings, [129], [130].
Buddensiek, tenement builder, imprisonment, [20]-21.
Building Department supervision, [104].
Children, see that [title].
Christmas trees, see that [title].
Citizens' council of hygiene, report, 1866, [19].
City and Suburban Homes Company, see that [title].
City control of building proposed, [152].
Death-rate, see that [title].
"Dens of death," [14], [20].
Destruction, see [Demolition].
"Discretion" clause in building laws, [88], [105], [107], [148].
Disease—disclosures of Tenement House Exhibition, 1900, [143]-147.
Double-deckers, see that [title].
Factory tenements, disapproval of, [134].
Filthy condition, landlord's excuse, [13].
Fires, see that [title].
First chapter in story of, [11].
Gilder Commission, work of, [88], [105], [108], [116], [228], [276], [279], [281].
Halls, unlighted, [90]-92.
Health board fights, [30], [37].
Height and jerry-building, [11]-13.
Home libraries, [382]-383.
Increase in population and overcrowding, [81]-83.
"Infant slaughter houses," [37].
Irish people, see that [title].
Italians, see that [title].
Jews, see that [title].
Kerosene stove, odor of, [92].
Landlord's profits, [90].
Licensing, [153].
Model tenements, erection and success of, [128]-137.
Negroes, see that [title].
One-room house, beginnings of, [97].
Open spaces, see [Parks].
Opposition to improvement, [30]-31.
Overcrowding, see that [title].
Parks, see that [title].
Plans for improvements, [37].
Political tenements, [149], [152].
Population, see that [title].
Rear tenements—
Condemned as "slaughter houses," [37], [105], [116].
Death-rate scandal, [115]-116.
Demolition, [114].
Report of select committee of assembly, 1857, [12]-13.
Rome, [11].
Standard of space for adults and children, [97].
Sunlight, assessment of value, [94].
Sweating, see that [title].
Tenants, see [Population].
Twenty-five-foot lot, doom of, [142], [148], [149].
Up-town and down-town, [109]-111.
Water supply, lack of, [181].
[See also [Slums].]
Thieves, see [Robberies].
Thieves' Alley demolition, [285], [286].
Tombs—
Demolition, proposed preservation of gates, [5].
School for boys awaiting trial, [378], [379].
Tweed, thief in, [4].
Tompkins Square—
Beresheim, Jacob, see that [title].
Evening classes failure, [226].
Tracy, Dr. R. S., mortality records, [116].
Tramp vote, Tammany's use of, [48].
Trilby of Cat Alley, [331]-333.
Trinity Church, opposition as tenement-house landlord, [30].
Truant school, fight for, [241], [242], [349], [350].
Truck farming on site of Stryker's Lane, [366].
Trucks, street obstructions, disappearance, [45]-46, [269]-270.
Tuberculosis in the slums, [194]-196, [300].
Tweed, thief, [4]-5, [285].
Twenty-five-foot lot, doom of, [142], [148], [149].

United Garment Workers of America, compact, 1892, [198].
United States government slum inquiry, [61], [97], [175].
University Extension Society, work of, [381].
University settlement—
Social development and school movement, [397]-410.
Work with East Side gang, [248].

Vagrancy—
Crime, see that [title].
Encouragement by free lunches, lodging, etc., [170], [172].
Farm colony for young vagrants proposed, [127], [172], [350].
Vitruvius, quotation as to height of dwellings, [11].