In one particular the BNA nomenclature is not entirely consistent. While recommending or at least permitting the use of the general terms dorsal and ventral in place of the human posterior and anterior, and cranial and caudal in place of superior and inferior, it retains the words anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior as parts of the names of definite organs. For example, we have the muscle serratus anterior in place of serratus ventralis; serratus posterior inferior in place of serratus dorsalis caudalis. This is very unfortunate, from a comparative standpoint, but we have felt it necessary to retain the BNA terms in order that the structures of the cat may receive the same names as the corresponding structures of man.

In the matter of orthography we have endeavored to follow the best English anatomical usage, as exemplified in Gray’s Human Anatomy,—therefore writing peroneus in place of peronæus, pyriformis in place of piriformis, etc.

The book is designed for use in the laboratory, to accompany the dissection and study of the structures themselves. Anatomy cannot be learned from a book alone, and no one should attempt to use the present work without at the same time carefully dissecting the cat. On the other hand, anatomy can scarcely be learned without descriptions and figures of the structures laid bare in dissection, so that this or some similar work should be in the hands of any one attempting to gain a knowledge of anatomy through the dissection of the cat.

The figures have all been drawn from actual dissections, and have been carefully selected with a view to furnishing the most direct assistance to the dissector. It is hoped that no figures are lacking that are required for giving the students the necessary points of departure for an intelligent dissection of any part of the body. The fore limb is illustrated somewhat more fully than the hind limb, because it was thought that the fore limb would usually be dissected first; the hind limb will be easily dissected, with the aid of the figures given, after the experience gained in dissecting the fore limb.

As the book is designed to accompany the dissection of the specimen in the laboratory, it was deemed best to give succinct specific directions for the dissection of the different systems of organs, together with suggestions as to methods of preserving and handling the material. These are included in an [appendix].

CONTENTS.

PAGE
The Skeleton of the Cat[1]
I. The Vertebral Column[1]
Thoracic Vertebræ[1]
Lumbar Vertebræ[7]
Sacral Vertebræ: Sacrum[8]
Caudal Vertebræ[11]
Cervical Vertebræ[11]
Ligaments of the Vertebral Column[16]
II. The Ribs[18]
III. The Sternum[20]
IV. The Skull[21]
Occipital Bone[22]
Interparietal[25]
Sphenoid[25]
Presphenoid[29]
Temporal[30]
Parietal[36]
Frontal[37]
Maxillary[39]
Premaxillary[41]
Nasal[42]
Ethmoid[42]
Vomer[44]
Palatine[45]
Lachrymal[46]
Malar[47]
Mandible[47]
Hyoid[49]
The Skull as a Whole[49]
Cavities of the Skull[57]
Joints and Ligaments of the Skull[61]
V. The Thoracic Extremities[62]
Scapula[62]
Clavicle[64]
Humerus[64]
Radius[67]
Ulna[68]
Carpus[69]
Bones of the Hand[71]
Joints and Ligaments of the Thoracic Limbs[73]
VI. The Pelvic Extremities[76]
Innominate Bones[76]
Femur[79]
Patella[80]
Tibia[80]
Fibula[82]
Tarsus[82]
Bones of the Foot[85]
Joints and Ligaments of the Pelvic Limbs[86]
The Muscles[93]
I. Muscles of the Skin[93]
II. Muscles of the Head[96]
A. Superficial Muscles[96]
B. Deep Muscles[107]
a. Muscles of Mastication[107]
b. Muscles of Hyoid Bone[112]
III. Muscles of the Body[115]
1. Muscles of the Back[115]
A. Muscles of the Shoulder[115]
B. Muscles of the Vertebral Column[123]
a. Muscles of the Lumbar and Thoracic Region[126]
b. Dorsal Muscles of the Cervical Region[131]
C. Muscles of the Tail[136]
2. Muscles on the Ventral Side of the Vertebral Column[138]
A. Lumbar and Thoracic Regions[138]
B. Muscles on the Ventral Side of the Neck[139]
3. Muscles of the Thorax[144]
A. Breast Muscles (Connecting the Arm and Thorax)[144]
B. Muscles of the Wall of the Thorax[148]
4. Abdominal Muscles[153]
IV. Muscles of the Thoracic Limbs[156]
1. Muscles of the Shoulder[156]
A. Lateral Surface[156]
B. Medial Surface[161]
2. Muscles of the Brachium or Upper Arm[164]
3. Muscles of the Antibrachium or Forearm[172]
Fascia of the Forearm[172]
A. Muscles on the Ulnar and Dorsal Side of the Forearm[173]
B. Muscles on the Radial and Ventral Side of the Forearm[179]
4. Muscles of the Hand[184]
A. Between the Tendons[184]
B. Muscles of the Thumb[184]
C. Between the Metacarpals[185]
D. Special Muscles of the Second Digit[185]
E. Special Muscles of the Fifth Digit[185]
V. Muscles of the Pelvic Limbs[186]
1. Muscles of the Hip[186]
A. On the Lateral Surface of the Hip[186]
Fascia of the Thigh[186]
B. On the Medial Surface of the Hip[192]
2. Muscles of the Thigh[194]
3. Muscles of the Lower Leg[203]
A. On the Ventral Side[203]
B. On the Dorsal and Lateral Surfaces[209]
4. Muscles of the Foot[212]
A. Muscles on the Dorsum of the Foot[212]
B. Muscles on the Sole of the Foot[212]
C. Muscles of the Tarsus[215]
The Viscera[217]
I. The Body Cavity[217]
II. Alimentary Canal[221]
1. Mouth[221]
   Glands of the Mouth[223]
   Teeth[224]
   Tongue[226]
Muscles of the Tongue[228]
   Soft Palate[229]
Muscles of the Soft Palate[230]
2. Pharynx[231]
Muscles of the Pharynx[232]
3. Œsophagus[234]
4. Stomach[234]
5. Small Intestine[236]
6. Large Intestine[237]
7. Liver, Pancreas, and Spleen[239]
III. Respiratory Organs[243]
1. Nasal Cavity[243]
2. Larynx[246]
Cartilages of the Larynx[247]
Muscles of the Larynx[249]
3. Trachea[251]
4. Lungs[252]
   Thyroid Gland[254]
   Thymus Gland[254]
IV. Urogenital System[255]
1. Excretory Organs[255]
   Kidneys[255]
   Ureter[256]
   Bladder[256]
   (Suprarenal Bodies)[257]
2. Genital Organs[257]
A. Male[257]
B. Female[263]
   Muscles of the Urogenital Organs, Rectum, and Anus[268]
a. Muscles Common to the Male and Female[268]
b. Muscles Peculiar to the Male[271]
c. Muscles Peculiar to the Female[272]
The Circulatory System[274]
I. The Heart[274]
II. The Arteries[280]
1. Pulmonary Artery[280]
2. Aorta[281]
A. Thoracic Aorta and its Branches[281]
Common Carotid Artery[283]
Subclavian Artery[290]
B. Abdominal Aorta and its Branches[301]
External Iliac Artery and its Branches[309]
III. The Veins[315]
1. Veins of the Heart[315]
2. Vena Cava Superior and its Branches[316]
Veins of the Brain and Spinal Cord[324]
3. Vena Cava Inferior and its Branches[325]
Portal Vein[326]
IV. Lymphatic System[330]
1. Lymphatics of the Head[331]
2. Lymphatics of the Neck[332]
3. Lymphatics of the Thoracic Limbs[332]
4. Lymphatics of the Thorax and Abdomen[333]
5. Lymphatics of the Pelvic Limbs[334]
The Nervous System[335]
I. The Central Nervous System[336]
1. Spinal Cord[336]
2. The Brain[339]
(1) Myelencephalon[344]
(2) Metencephalon[347]
(3) Mesencephalon[351]
(4) Diencephalon[352]
(5) Telencephalon[357]
II. The Peripheral Nervous System[369]
1. Cranial Nerves[369]
I. Olfactory Nerve[369]
II. Optic Nerve[369]
III. Oculomotor Nerve[369]
IV. Trochlear Nerve[370]
V. Trigeminal Nerve[370]
VI. Abducens[375]
VII. Facial Nerve[375]
VIII. Auditory Nerve[377]
IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve[378]
X. Vagus Nerve[378]
XI. Accessory Nerve[382]
XII. Hypoglossal Nerve[383]
2. Spinal Nerves[383]
A. Cervical Nerves[383]
The Brachial Plexus[386]
B. Thoracic Nerves[393]
C. Lumbar Nerves[394]
Lumbar Plexus[395]
D. Sacral Nerves and Sacral Plexus[399]
E. Nerves of the Tail[404]
3. Sympathetic System[404]
Sense Organs and Integument[409]
I. The Eye[409]
II. The Ear[415]
III. Olfactory Organ[426]
IV. Organ of Taste[426]
V. Integument[427]
Appendix: Practical Directions[429]
Index[473]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.