3. What were the conditions under which the Emancipation Proclamation was issued? Wilson, Division and Reunion, 226-228.
4. Was the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment a wise policy?
5. Give the arguments in favor of the Sixteenth Amendment.
6. What reasons can you give in favor of the Seventeenth Amendment?
CHAPTER XIX.
THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE WORLD.
Kinds of Governments.—It is customary to classify the governments of the world under two heads: (1) republics, (2) monarchies. The real nature of our republic may be made more apparent by a comparison of our system with that of other republics, and with the governments of certain great monarchies.
Our Federal Republic.—It has been emphasized in the course of our study that the States are important parts in the political system which we call the Republic of the United States. The States are not mere administrative divisions of the nation; they do not stand in the same relation to the National government that counties bear to the State. They do not derive their powers from the National government; nor, on the other hand, does the latter derive its powers from the States. The source of power for both is the same—"the people themselves, as an organized body politic." The United States is, then, a Federal Republic. It is essential to understand that, in the division of powers between States and nation, the latter is sovereign over the matters that are placed within its jurisdiction; but it is a feature of our system no less essential (though less clearly understood by the people) that the States are as completely sovereign over matters that lie within their control.