[130]. Encycl. Brit., art. Population. Cf. Essay, 7th ed., p. 236 n.
[131]. Sweden was a favourite with statisticians because Sweden alone at that time furnished sound statistics. For an account of the American population down to 1880, and its probable future, see Mr. Giffen’s Address on the Utility of Common Statistics (Stat. Soc., Dec. 1882).
[132]. 1804–24, or simply from the first census, 1801, to the third, 1821. The increase was such as would double the population of England in fifty-one years at the least (Essay, II. ix., 7th ed., p. 217).
[133]. Encycl. Brit., l. c.
[134]. Essay, III. xiv., 7th ed., p. 387.
[135]. Caird, Landed Interest, pp. 18, 46.
[136]. Encycl. Brit., l. c.
[137]. Apart, he ought to have said, from prudence in marriage, which would allow each man’s share to be much more than a bare living. But see below, Bk. II. ch. ii.
[138]. See below, Bk. II. ch. iii.
[139]. By the “law” of decreasing returns. See below, Bk. II. ch. i.