[140]. Mr. Giffen, in the Address above quoted, speaks as if Malthus considered the positive checks as the “natural checks” (p. 531). This, however, is against his distinct statement in Essay, 7th ed., App. p. 480.
[141]. This is probably the meaning of the author’s phrase, “alter the proportionate amount of the checks to population, or the degree in which they press upon the actual numbers” (Encyclop., l. c., p. 415).
[142]. See his letter of that date in Macvey Napier’s Correspondence, p. 29.
[143]. It was not published till 1824. It was certainly written after the results of the Census of 1821 had been published.
[144]. Pref. to 2nd ed., pp. iv, v; 7th ed., p. vi.
[145]. p. 52.
[146]. Essay, 2nd ed., p. 11 n.; 7th ed., p. 9 n.
[147]. 2nd ed., Pref. p. vii.
[148]. 2nd ed., Bk. I. ch. ii. p. 10.
[149]. Adds the 3rd ed.