Objects offered to the dead broken, [276]
Offering, soul of, consumed by deity or spirit, [297], [298]
Offerings of food and water to the dead, [174];
of food to the dead, [183], [201], [208], [211], [214], [232], [241], [332], [338], [364] sq., [367] sq., [372] sq., [396] sq., [429], [442], [467];
of blood and hair to the dead, [183];
of game and fish to the dead, [226];
to the dead, [239], [276], [292];
of first-fruits to the dead, [259];
to ancestors, [298];
of food to ghosts, [348] sq.;
to ghosts, [364] sq.;
of first-fruits to ancestral spirits, [429];
of cloth and weapons to ancestral spirits, [430] sq.
See also [Sacrifices]
——, burnt, to the dead, [294]
Oknanikilla, local totem centre, [97], [99], [124]
Old and young, difference between the modes of burying, [161], [162] sq.
Old people buried alive, [359]
Olympia, Pelops at, [159]
Omens after a death, [319]
Opening, special, for carrying dead out of house, [452] sqq.
Oracles of dead kings, [151]
—— of the dead, [151], [176], [179], [235]
Oracular responses of Fijian priests, [443] sqq.
Oranges, spirits of the dead play with, [326]
Ordeal to detect sorcerer, [50] sqq.
Orgy, licentious, following circumcision, [427] sq.
Origin of belief in immortality, [26] sqq.
—— of death, myths of the, [59] sqq.
Orion's belt, [368]
Ornaments of corpse removed before burial, [223], [234], [241]
Pahouins, the, [54]
Palsy, a Samoan god, [72]
Pandanus, reason for planting, [362]
—— and ghosts, [463]
Panoi, Melanesian land of the dead, [83], [345], [353] sq., [355], [356]
Papuan art, [220]
Papuans, animistic views of the, [264]
—— and Melanesians in New Guinea, [190] sq.
Paraks, temples, [220]
Parents deified, [439]
Parkinson, R., [219], [221]
Pelops, human blood offered on grave of, [159]
Penates in New Guinea, [308], [317]
Pennefather River, natives of the, their belief in reincarnation of the dead, [128]
Perche, burial custom in, [458]
Personal refuse, magic working through, [386], [413] sq.
Personification of natural phenomena, [20];
of death, [81]
Phosphorescent lights supposed to be ghosts, [198], [258]
Physostigma venenosum in poison ordeal, [52]
Piety, two types of, [23];
co-operative system of, [333]
Pigs, blood of, smeared on skulls and bones of the dead, [200];
sacrificed to the dead, [201];
sacrificed to monster who swallows lads at initiation, [251], [253], [260], [290], [301];
sacrificed at grave, [356];
sacrificed at burial, [359];
sacrificed to ghosts, [365] sq.;
sacrificed vicariously for the sick, [373], [374], [375];
sacred, [433]
——, livers of, offered to the dead, [360] sq.
Pines, Isle of, [325], [330], [337]
Pirnmeheel, good spirit, [143]
Place of sacrifice to ghosts, [370]
Planting, sacrifices to ghosts at, [375]
Platforms, dead laid on, [199], [203], [205]
Plato, on death, [33]
Pleiades, the, [368]
Plum-tree people, [94]
—— totem, dramatic ceremony connected with, [120], [121]
Poison ordeal to detect sorcerers, [50] sqq.
Political constitution of the Fijians, [407]
Pollution, ceremonial, of gravediggers, [327]
Polynesian blood, infusion of, in New Guinea, [291]
—— race, [406]
Polytheism and monotheism, [11]
Polytheism discarded, [20] sq.
Population, belief in sorcery a cause of keeping down the, [38], [40], [46] sq., [51] sqq.
Port Lincoln tribe of S. Australia, [42]
—— Moresby, [193], [195]
Poso in Celebes, [72]
Posts of new house, men sacrificed to support, [446] sq.
Potsdam Harbour, in German New Guinea, [218], [227]
Pottery, native, [220];
in New Guinea, [305]
——, Fijian, [407]
—— unknown in Northern Melanesia, [395]
Practical character of the savage, [274]
Prayer-posts, [333] sq.
Prayers to the dead, [201] sq., [214], [222] sq., [259], [288], [307], [329] sq., [332] sqq., [340], [376] sq., [401], [403] sq., [427], [441];
to ghosts, [348]
Precautions taken against ghosts, [152] sq., [258];
against a wife's ghost, [197];
against ghosts of the slain, [205] sq.
Predominance of the worship of the dead, [297] sq.
Prelogical savage, myth of the, [266]
Pretence of attacking persons engaged in attending to a corpse, [177], [178]
—— of avenging the dead, [136] sq., [282], [328]
See also [Sham fight]
Priest, family, [332], [340]
——, chief or high, [430], [431], [432], [433], [434]
—— or magician, [336], [338]
Priests, Fijian, [433] sqq.
Private or tame ghosts, [369] sq., [381], [382], [386]
—— property, rights of, consolidated by taboo, [390]
Problem of death, [31] sqq.
Progress partly determined by competition, [89] sq.
——, social, stimulated by favourable natural conditions, [148] sq.
Promiscuity, temporary, [427] sq., [433], [434] n. [1], [436] sq.
Property displayed beside the corpse, [397]
——, rights of private, consolidated by taboo, [390];
temporarily suspended, [427] sq.
Property of dead deposited in grave, [145] sqq., [359], [397];
motive for destroying, [147] sq.;
hung up on trees, [148];
destroyed, [327], [459];
burnt, [401] sq.
Prophecy inspired by ghosts, [388]
Prophets inspired by ghosts, [388] sq.
——, Hebrew, [14]
Propitiation of the dead, [201], [307], [338];
of ghosts and spirits, [226], [239], [348]
Puberty, initiation at, [254] sq.;
bodily mutilations at, [303]
Public ghosts, [367], [369]
Purification of homicides, [206], [229]
—— by bathing and shaving, [208]
—— of mourners by bathing, [314], [319]
Queensland, belief in reincarnation of the dead among the aborigines of, [127] sqq.;
burial customs in, [147]
Rain sent by a mythical water-snake, [112], [114];
prayers for, [288];
stones to make, [336] sq.
—— and sunshine caused by a ghost, [375]
—— -ghost, [375]
—— -making, [288];
by the bones of the dead, [341]
Rat in myth of the origin of death, [67]
Rationality of the savage, [264] sqq.
Rebirth of the dead, [93] sq., [107], [127] sq.
See also [Reincarnation]
—— of parents in their children, [315]
Recovery of lost souls, [194], [270] sq., [300] sq.
Red, skulls painted, [178]
Red bark in poison ordeals, [50], [52]
—— paint, manslayers smeared with, [448], [449]
—— roses, corpse crowned with, [233], [234]
Reflection or shadow, soul associated with, 207, 267
Refuse, personal, magic working by means of, [413] sq.
Reincarnation, widespread belief in, [29].
See also [Rebirth]
—— doctrine of, unknown in Torres Straits, [172]
—— of the dead, belief of Central Australians in, [92] sqq., [107]
—— of the dead, [124] sq., [127] sq.;
of Australian aborigines in white people, [130], [131] sqq.;
of parents in their children, [315];
of grandfather in grandchild, [417], [418]
Relics of the dead as amulets, [332], [370];
preserved, [348]
Religion, importance of the history of, [3];
embryology of, [88]
Religion and magic compared in reference to their destruction of human life, [57] sq.;
combined in ritual, [111] sq., [334], [335], [336], [336], [337], [338], [376]
—— and theology, how related, [9]
Resemblance of children to the dead, a source of belief in the transmigration of souls, [28] sq.
Restrictions observed by mourners, [313] sq.;
ceremonial, laid on gravediggers, [327];
imposed on manslayers, [449]
Resurrection, ceremony of, among the Akikuya, [254]
—— from the dead after three days, [67] sq.;
of the dead, steps taken to prevent the, [144];
as an initiatory rite at puberty, [254] sq., [261], [302], [431], [434] sq.
Return of the ghosts, [195], [198], [246], [300]
Revelation, the question of a supernatural, [8] sq.
Revival, temporary, of primitive communism, [436] sq.
Rheumatism attributed to sorcery, [45]
Rhodesia, [77]
Ribs of dead distributed among relatives, [400]
Ridgeway, W., on the origin of Greek tragedy, [189]
Rights of property temporarily suspended, [427] sq.
Ritual combining elements of religion and magic, [111] sq.
Rivalry between man and animals for gift of immortality, [74] sq.
River crossed by souls of the dead, [299], [462]
Rocking stone, [213]
Roro-speaking tribes of British New Guinea, [47], [196], [198]
Roth, W. E., [128]
Run or Ron, island, [303], [311]
Russia, burial custom in, [453]
Saa, in Malanta, [350], [351], [372], [378]
Sacrament of pork and water at initiation, [432] sq.
Sacred stones in New Caledonia, magical virtues attributed to, [334] sqq.
—— enclosure of stones (Nanga) in Fiji, [428] sqq., [437] sq.
—— pigs, [433]
Sacrifice, crude motives for, [298] sq.;
place of, [332]
—— of dogs in epidemics, [296];
of foreskins and fingers in honour of the dead, [426] sq.
Sacrifices to the dead, economic loss entailed by, [149]
—— to the dead, [239], [307], [338].
See also [Offerings]
Sacrifices, burnt, reasons for, [348] sq.;
burnt, to ghosts, [366], [367] sq., [373]
—— to ghosts, [328]; at planting, [375]
——, human, to ghosts, [371] sq.;
human, in Fiji, [446] sq.
Sacrificial ritual in the Solomon Islands, [365] sq.
Saddle Mountain in German New Guinea, [262]
St. Joseph River in New Guinea, [196], [198]
Sakalava, the, of Madagascar, [49];
burial custom of, [461]
Saleijer, island of, burial custom in, [461]
Samoa, [406]
—— Harbour, in German New Guinea, [256]
Samoan myth of the origin of death, [72]
Samoyeds, burial custom of the, [457]
Samu-yalo, the killer of souls, [465]
San Cristoval, one of the Solomon Islands, [347], [376]
Sanctuaries, primitive, [99]
—— of ghosts, [377] sq.
Sanctuary, grave of worshipful dead becomes a, [347]
Sanitation based on fear of sorcery, [386] sq., [414]
Santa Cruz Islands, [343]
Santa Cruz, in the Solomon Islands, burial customs at, [352];
sacrifices to ghosts in, [374] sq.
Savage, myth of the prelogical, [266]
——, practical character of the, [274]
——, rationality of the, [264] sqq.
—— notions of causality, [19] sq.;
conception of death, [31] sqq.;
disbelief in death from natural causes, [33] sqq.;
thought vague and inconsistent, [143]
—— religion, the study of, [7]
Savagery, importance of the study of, [6] sq.;
a case of arrested or retarded development, [88] sq.;
rise of monarchy essential to emergence from, [142]
Savages pay little attention to the stars, [140];
strength and universality of belief in immortality among, [468]
Savo, one of the Solomon Islands, [347]
Scarf, soul caught in a, [412] sq.
Scenery of Fiji, [409] sq.
Schomburgk, Richard, [38]
Schürmann, C. W., [42] sq.
Scientific conception of the world as a system of impersonal forces, [20] sq.
Scotland, burial custom in, [453], [458]
Sea, land of the dead at the bottom of the, [307], [326]
—— -burial, [397]
—— -burial and land-burial, [347] sq.
—— -ghosts and land-ghosts, [348]
Seclusion of widow and widower, [204], [248] sq., [259], [275];
of relatives at grave, [209];
of mourners, [223] sq., [313] sq., [360];
of novices at circumcision, [251] sq., [260] sq., [302];
of manslayers, [279] sq.;
of gravediggers, [327], [451];
of female mourners, [398]
Seclusion and purification of manslayer, [229] sq.
Second death of the dead, [195], [287], [299], [345], [350], [351], [354]
Secret societies, [395]
—— Society (Asa), [233]
Seemann, Berthold, [439] sq.
Seer describes ghosts, [204] sq.
Seget Sélé, the, of Dutch New Guinea, [317]
Seligmann, Dr. C. G., [47], [191], [197], [206]
Selwyn, Bishop, [363]
Serpent and his cast skin in myths of the origin of death, [60], [69] sqq., [74] sq., [83]
——, god in form of, [445], [462]
Serpents, souls of the dead in the form of, [300]
Setting sun, ghosts attracted to the, [175] sq.
Sexual licence following initiation, [433], [434] n. [1], [436] sq.
Shadow or reflection, human soul associated with, [129], [130], [173], [207], [267], [395], [412]
Shadows of people seized by ghosts, [378], [383]
Shaking of medium a symptom of inspiration, [308], [309], [311]
Sham attack on men engaged in attending to a corpse, [177], [178]
—— burial, [356]
—— fight to appease ghost, [136] sq.;
as a funeral ceremony, [235] sq., [327] sq.;
as a ceremony to promote the growth of yams, [330].
See also [Pretence]
Sharks animated by ghosts, [348]
——, ghosts incarnate in, [373], [380];
images of, [373]
Shaving heads of mourners, [208]
Sheep in story of the origin of death, [64]
Shell-money, [394];
laid on corpse and buried with it, [398]
Shortlands Islands, [71]
Shrine of warrior ghost, [365]
Shrines for ancestral spirits, [316], [317]
Siamese, burial custom of the, [456]
Siasi Islands, [244]
Sick and old buried alive in Fiji, [420] sqq.
Sickness caused by demons, [194];
caused by ghosts, [56] sq., [195], [197], [222], [269] sq., [271], [279], [300], [305], [322], [372], [381] sqq., [389]
—— supposed to be an effect of witchcraft, [35] sqq.
Sickness and death set down to sorcery, [240], [257]
—— and disease recognised by some savages as due to natural causes, [55] sq. See also [Disease]
Sido, his journey to the land of the dead, [211] sq.
Sins, confession of, [201]
Skin cast as a means of renewing youth, [69] sqq., [74] sq., [83]
Skull-shaped stones in rain-making, [336] sq.
Skulls, spirits of the dead embodied in their, [338]
—— and arm-bones, special treatment of the, [199] sq.;
carried by dancers at funeral dance, [200]
—— of the dead preserved, [199] sqq., [209], [249], [318], [328], [339], [347], [351] sq., [398], [400] sq., [403];
preserved and consulted as oracles, [176], [178] sq., [179];
used in divination, [213];
kept in men's clubhouses, [221], [225];
inserted in wooden images, [311] sq., [321];
religious ceremonies performed with the, [329] sq.;
food offered to the, [339] sq., [352];
used to fertilise plantations, [340];
used in conjurations, [402]
Sky, souls of the dead thought to be in the, [133] sq., [135], [138] sq., [141], [142]
Slain, ghosts of the, especially dreaded, [205], [258], [279], [306], [323]
Sleep, soul thought to quit body in, [257], [291], [395], [412]
Smith, E. R., [53]
Smyth, R. Brough, [43] sq.
Snakes, ghosts in, [380]
Sneezing, omens from, [194]
Social progress stimulated by favourable natural conditions, [141] sq., [148] sq.
—— ranks, gradation of, in Fiji, [408]
Solomon Islands, [343], [346] sqq.;
sacrificial ritual in the, [365] sq.
Somosomo, one of the Fijian islands, [425], [441], [442]
Sorcerers, their importance in history, [16]
—— catch and detain souls, [267], [268] sq., [270]
—— put to death, [35], [35] sq., [37] sq., [40] sq., [44], [50], [136], [250], [269], [277], [278] sq., [341] sq.
See also [Magician]
Sorcery as the supposed cause of natural deaths, [33] sqq., [136], [268], [270], [402];
sickness and death ascribed to, [257]
—— a cause of keeping down the population, belief in, [38], [40], [46] sq., [51] sqq.
—— Fijian dread of, [413] sq.;
See also [Magic] and [Witchcraft]
Sores ascribed to action of ghosts, [257]
Soro, atonement, [427]
Soul, world-wide belief in survival of soul after death, [24], [25], [33]
Soul of sleeper detained by enemy, [49];
human, associated with shadow or reflection, [173], [267], [395], [412];
pretence of carrying away the, [181] sq.;
detained by demon, [194];
recovery of a lost, [194], [270] sq.;
thought to quit body in sleep, [257], [291], [395], [412];
resides in the eye, [267];
thought to pervade the body, [267];
two kinds of human, [267] sq.;
caught and detained by sorcerer, [267], [268] sq., [270];
long soul and short soul, [291] sq.;
of offering consumed by deity or spirit, [297], [298];
thought to reside in the blood, [307];
Melanesian theory of the, [344] sq.;
of sick tied up by ghost, [374];
North Melanesian theory of the, [395] sq.;
in form of animals, [396];
Fijian theory of the, [410] sqq.;
caught in a scarf, [412] sq.;
of grandfather reborn in grandchild, [417];
of offerings consumed by gods, [443]
—— -stuff or spiritual essence, [267] sq., [270], [271], [279].
See also [Spirit]
Souls, recovery of lost, [300] sq.;
River of the, [462];
the killer of, [464] sq.
—— of animals, sacrifices to the, [239];
of animals offered to ghosts, [246]
—— attributed by the Fijians to animals, vegetables, and inanimate things, [410] sq.
—— of the dead identified with spirits of nature, [130];
turned into animals, [229];
as falling stars, [229];
live in trees, [316]
—— carried off by ghosts, [197], [383];
of sorcerers in animals, [39]
—— of noblemen only saved, [33];
of those who died from home called back, [311]
Spells or incantations, [385]
Spencer and Gillen, [46] sq., [91] sq., [103], [104], [105], [106], [108], [116] sqq., [123] sq., [140], [148], [156], [157], [158]
Spider and Death, [82] sq.
Spirit, human, associated with the heart, [129];
associated with the shadow, [129], [130].
See also [Soul]
Spirits, ancestral, help hunters and fishers, [226];
worshipped in the Nanga, [428] sq.;
cloth and weapons offered to, [430] sq.;
novices presented to, at initiation, [432] sq., [434]
—— of animals go to the spirit land, [210]
—— consume spiritual essence of sacrifices, [285], [287], [297], [298]
—— of the dead thought to be strengthened by blood, [159];
reborn in women, [93] sq.;
give information to the living, [240];
give good crops, [247] sq.;
thought to be mischievous, [257]
Spirits and ghosts, distinction between, in Central Melanesia, [343], [363]
—— and gods, no certain demarcation between, [441]
——, grand concert of, [340] sq.;
represented by masked dancers, [297];
in tree-tops, [313]
——, guardian, [227]
—— of nature identified with souls of the dead, [130].
See also [Dead] and [Ghost]
Spiritual essence or soul-stuff, [267] sq., [279].
See also [Soul-stuff]
Squatting posture of corpse in burial, [207]
Stanbridge, W. E., [44]
Stars associated with the souls of the dead, [134], [140];
little regarded by savages, [140];
falling, the souls of the dead, [229]
Steinen, K. von den, [35]
Sternberg, L., [15] n. [1]
Stick, cleft, used in cure, [271]
Stillborn children, burial of, [458]
Stocks, wooden, as representatives of the dead, [374], [386]
Stolz, Mr., [238], [239]
Stomach, soul seated in, [291] sq.
Stone, a rocking, [213]
—— used in rain-making, [288]
—— of Famine, [334]
—— of the Sun, [336]
Stonehenge, [438]
Stones, sacred, in New Caledonia, magical virtues attributed to, [334] sqq.;
sacred, in sanctuaries, [377] sq.
—— used as altars, [379]
Stones inhabited by ghosts, [383] sq.
Store-houses, sacred, in Central Australia, [99], [101]
Strangling the sick and aged in Fiji, [423] sq.
Sua, human spirit or ghost, [193]
Suicide to escape decrepitude of old age, [422] sq.
Suicides, burial of, [164], [453], [458]
Sulka, the, of New Britain, [398] sq.
Sumatra, the Gajos of, [455]
Sun and the origin of death, [77]
——, ghosts attracted to the setting, [175] sq.
——, Stone of the, [336]
Sunshine, the making of, [336]
—— and rain caused by a ghost, [375]
Supernatural or spiritual power (mana) acquired from ghosts, [346] sq., [352], [371], [380]
Superstition a crutch to morality, [175]
Supreme Being unknown among aborigines of Central Australia, [91] sq.;
among the Monumbo, [228]
Survival of human soul after death, world-wide belief in, [24], [25], [33]
Swallowed by monster, pretence that candidates at initiation are, [251] sqq., [260] sq., [290] sq., [301] sq.
Swine sent to ravage fields by ghosts, [278]
Symbolism of prayer-posts, [333] sq.
Taboo, meaning of, [390];
in Central Melanesia based on a fear of ghosts, [390] sq.;
a prop of monarchical power, [408]
Tabu, demon, [194]
Tago, spirits, [297]
Tahiti, [439]
Tamanachiers, an Indian tribe, [70] sq.
Tami Islanders of German New Guinea, [291] sqq.
Taming a ghost, [370]
Tamos, the, of German New Guinea, [230]
Tanna, one of the New Hebrides, [369], [439]
Tanoa, king of Fiji, [425]
Taplin, Rev. George, [43], [134] sqq.
Tapum, guardian spirits, [227]
Taro, prayer for good crop of, [289]
Tasmanians, the, [89]
Tattooing as sign of mourning, [314]
Teeth of dead worn by relatives, [314] sq., [400], [404];
used as amulets, [332];
preserved as relics, [339];
used to fertilise plantations, [340]
Temples (paraks) in Tumleo, [220] sq.
——, Fijian, [439], [441] sq.
Terer, a mythical being, [181]
Thapauerlu, a pool, [105], [108]
Theology, natural, defined, [1], [8]
—— and religion, how related, [9]
Thomson, Basil, [408], [414], [428] n. [1], [429] n. [1], [434] n. [1], [436]
Threats of the dying, [273]
Three days, resurrection after, [67] sq.
Threshold, the dead carried out under the, [453], [457];
movable, [457]
Thrush in story of the origin of death, [61] sq.
Thunder the voice of a mythical being, [112], [114], [143]
Tindalo, a powerful ghost, [346]
Tinneh or Déné Indians, their ideas as to death, [39] sq.
Tlaloc, Mexican rain-god, [163]
Tlingit Indians, [163];
burial custom of the, [455]
To Kambinana, [69]
To Korvuvu, [69]
Togoland, West Africa, [81]
Toll exacted from ghosts, [224]
Tollkeeper, ghostly, [224]
Tonga, [406], [411]
Tongans, their limited doctrine of immortality, [33]
Torres Islands, [343], [353]
—— Straits Islanders, their ideas as to sickness and death, [47];
their belief in immortality, [170] sqq.;
their ethnological affinity and social culture, [170] sqq.;
funeral ceremonies of the, [176] sqq.
Totem, a dominant, [113];
design emblematic of, [168]
Totemic ancestor developing into a god, [113];
ancestors, traditions concerning, [115] sqq.
—— animals, imitation of, [177]
—— clans, [104];
animals and plants eaten, [120] sq.;
animals and plants dramatically represented by actors, [121] sq.
Totemism, [95];
possibly developing into ancestor worship, [114] sq.;
in Torres Straits, [172]
Totems, dramatic ceremonies connected with, [119] sqq.;
eaten, [120] sqq.;
magical ceremonies for the multiplication of, [124] sq.
Tracking a ghost, [277] sq.
Traditions of the dead associated with conspicuous features of the landscape, [115] sqq.
Transmigration, widespread belief in, [29];
of dead into animals, [242], [245];
of souls, [322];
Fijian doctrine of, [467]
Travancore, burial custom in, [456]
Tree of immortality, [74]
Tree-burial, [161], [166], [167], [199], [203];
of young children, [312] sq.
—— -tops, spirits in, [313]
Trees, property of dead hung up on, [148];
as monuments of the dead, [225];
huts built in, [263];
souls of the dead live in, [316]
Tremearne, Major A. J. N., [28] n. [1]
Truth of the belief in immortality, question of the, [469] sqq.
Tsiabiloum, the land of the dead, [326]
Tube inserted in grave, [277]
Tubes, magical, [269], [270]
Tubetube, island of, [206], [209], [210]
Tugeri or Kaya-Kaya, the, of Dutch New Guinea, [255]
Tully River in Queensland, [130]
Tulmeng, lord of the nether world, [286]
Tumleo, island of, [218] sqq.
Tumudurere, a mythical being, [207]
Tumupasa, burial custom of the Indians of, [457]
Turner, Dr. George, [325], [339], [369]
Turrbal tribe, [146]
Tuski of Alaska, burial custom of the, [456]
Two Messengers, the, myth of the origin of death, [60] sqq.
Uganda, first man in, [78];
dead kings of, worshipped, [151];
jawbones of dead kings of, preserved, [235];
war-god of, [366].
See also [Baganda]
Unburied dead, ghosts of the, [349]
Unfruitful wife, mode of impregnating, [417]
Unkulunkulu, [60]
Unmarried ghosts, hard fate of, [464]
Umatjera tribe, [68], [166]
Urabunna, the, of Central Australia, [95]
Vagueness and inconsistency of savage thought, [143]
Vale tambu, the Sacred House, [438]
Vanigela River, [202], [203]
Vanua Lava, mountain, [355]
—— -levu, one of the Fijian Islands, [416], [417], [418], [426]
Vaté or Efat, one of the New Hebrides, [359], [376]
Vengeance taken on enemies by means of a ghost, [258];
ghost calls for, [278], [310], [468]
Vetter, Konrad, [242], [244], [245], [248], [255]
Vicarious sacrifices of pigs for the sick, [372], [374], [375]
Victoria, aborigines of, their ideas as to natural death, [40] sq., [42];
their beliefs as to the dead, [142];
their burial customs, [145], [145] sq.;
cuttings for the dead among the, [154] sq.
Views of human nature, two different, [469] sqq.
Village of ghosts, [231] sq., [234]
—— deserted after a death, [275]
Viti Levu, one of the Fijian Islands, [419], [428], [435], [445]
Vormann, Franz, [228] sq.
Vuatom, island, [70]
Wagawaga, in British New Guinea, [206] sqq.
Wainimala in Fiji, [436]
Wakelbura, the, [152]
Wallace, Alfred Russel, on death, [85] sq.
War, ancestral images taken to, [310], [315];
perpetual state of, [339]
—— -god of Uganda, [366]
Warramunga, the, of Central Australia, [94];
their totem the Wollunqua, [103] sqq., [108] sqq.;
dramatic ceremonies connected with totems among the, [123] sq.;
cuttings for the dead among the, [156] sqq.;
burial customs of the, [167] sq.
Warrior ghost, [363] sq.
Warriors pray to ghosts, [288]
Wars among savages undertaken to appease angry ghosts, [468]
Wa-Sania, tribe of E. Africa, [66]
Washing body a rain-charm, [375]
Watch-an-die, tribe of W. Australia, [41]
Watch at the grave, [293]
—— of widow or widower on grave, [241]
Water as a barrier against ghosts, [152];
poured as a rain-charm, [375] sq.
—— great, to be crossed by ghosts, [224]
—— -snake, great mythical (Wollunqua), [104] sqq., [108] sqq.
Way to the land of the dead, [212] sq.
Weakening of religious faith, [4]
Weapons deposited with the dead, [145] sqq.;
deposited at grave, [211];
of dead broken, [399]
Weather regulated by ghosts and spirits, [384] sq.
—— -doctors, [385] sq.
Weaving in New Guinea, [305]
Weismann, August, on death, [84] sq.
Wemba, the, of Northern Rhodesia, [77]
Western Australia, beliefs as to death among the natives of, [41] sq.
Whale's teeth as offerings, [420], [421], [429], [443], [444]
Whip of souls, [270]
Whipping men in mourning, [452]
White ants' nests, ghosts turn into, [351]
—— clay smeared on mourners, [158], [177]
—— men identified with the spirits of the dead, [342]
—— people, souls of dead Australian aborigines thought to be reborn in, [130], [131] sqq.
Whitened with chalk, bodies of lads after circumcision, [302]
Widow, mourning costume of, [184], [204];
seclusion of, [204];
killed to accompany the ghost of her husband, [249], [275];
drinks juices of putrefying corpse, [313]
Widower exposed to attacks of his wife's ghost, [197];
costume of, [204];
seclusion of, [204], [248] sq., [259]
Widows cut and burn their bodies in mourning, [176]
Wigs worn by Fijians, [451]
Wiimbaio tribe, [145]
Wilkes, Charles, [424] sq.
Williams, Thomas, [408], [412], [413], [452], 467
Williamson, R. W., [201]
Wind, ghosts float down the, [176]
Windessi, in Dutch New Guinea, burial customs at, [318] sq.
Wingara, early mythical times, [116]
Witchcraft, fear of, [244];
death ascribed to, [277], [402];
Fijian terror of, [413] sq.;
benefits derived from, [414]
Witchcraft or black magic in Central Melanesia, [386] sq.
—— as a cause of death, [34] sqq.
See also [Sorcery]
Witchetty grub totem, dramatic ceremonies concerned with, [121] sq., [123]
Wives of the dead killed, [399];
strangled or buried alive at their husbands' funerals in Fiji, [424] sq.
Woibu, the land of the dead, [211]
Wolgal tribe, [146]
Wollunqua, mythical water-snake, totem of the Warramunga, [103] sqq., [108] sqq., [125];
ceremonies in honour of the, [108] sqq.
Woman, old, in myths of the origin of death, [64], [71] sq.
——, the Great, [464]
Women thought not to have immortal spirits, [92];
cut and burn their bodies in mourning, [154] sqq., [196], [203];
excluded from circumcision ground, [291], [301];
dance at deaths, [293];
drink juices of putrefying corpse, [355];
not allowed to be present at sacrifices, [367];
whip men in mourning, [452];
burial of childless, [458];
the cause of death, [472]
—— dying in childbed, special treatment of their ghosts, [358];
their ghosts specially feared, [212], [458] sqq.
Wordsworth on immortality, [26] n. [1]
Worship of ancestors, [221], [328] sqq., [338];
predominance of the, [297] sq.;
possibly evolved from totemism, [114] sq.
See also [Worship of the dead].
—— of ancestors in Central Australia, possible evolution of, [125] sq.;
of ancestral spirits in the Nanga, [428] sq.
—— of the dead, [23] sqq., [328] sqq., [338];
in part based on a theory of dreams, [27] sq.;
elements of it widespread, [31];
in British New Guinea, [201] sq.;
predominance of the, [297] sq.
—— of the dead, incipient, in Australia, [149], [150], [168] sq.
—— of the dead in Torres Straits, elements of a, [189];
among the Yabim, elements of a, [255]
Worshipful ghosts, [362] sq.
Wotjobaluk, the, [67], [139]
Wraiths, [396]
Wurunjerri, the, [146]
Yabim, the, of German New Guinea, [242] sqq.;
their ideas as to death, [47]
Yams, prayers for, [330];
stones to make yams grow, [337] sq.
Young children buried on trees, [312] sq.
Young and old, difference between the modes of burying, [161], [162] sq.
Youth supposed to be renewed by casting skin, [69] sqq., [74] sq., 83
Ysabel, one of the Solomon Islands, [350], [372], [379], [380]
Yule Island, [196] n. [2], [197]