[1080] As to such prayers, see Pausanias, ii. 25. 10; Marcus Antoninus, v. 7; Petronius, 44; Tertullian, Apolog. 40, compare 22 and 23; P. Cauer, Delectus Inscriptionum Graecarum,² No. 162; H. Collitz und F. Bechtel, Sammlung der griechischen Dialekt-Inschriften, No. 3718; Ch. Michel, Recueil d’inscriptions grecques, No. 1004; O. Luders, Die dionysischen Künstler (Berlin, 1873), pp. 26 sq.

[1081] Pausanias, viii. 38. 4.

[1082] See above, p. [248].

[1083] Antigonus, Histor. mirab. 15 (Scriptores rerum mirabilium Graeci, ed. A. Westermann, pp. 64 sq.). Antigonus mentions that the badge of the city was a representation of the chariot with a couple of ravens perched on it. This badge appears on existing coins of Crannon, with the addition of a pitcher resting on the chariot (B. V. Head, Historia Numorum, p. 249). Hence A. Furtwängler conjectured, with great probability, that a pitcher full of water was placed on the real chariot when rain was wanted, and that the spilling of the water, as the chariot shook, was intended to imitate a shower of rain. See A. Furtwängler, Meisterwerke der griechischen Plastik, pp. 257–263.

[1084] Above, pp. [248], 251.

[1085] Apollodorus, i. 9. 7; Virgil, Aen. vi. 585 sqq.; Servius on Virgil, l.c.

[1086] Festus, s.vv. aquaelicium and manalem lapidem, pp. 2, 128, ed. C. O. Müller; Nonius Marcellus, s.v. trullum, p. 637, ed. Quicherat; Servius on Virgil, Aen. iii. 175; Fulgentius, “Expos. serm. antiq.” s.v. manales lapides, Mythogr. Lat. ed. Staveren, pp. 769 sq. It has been suggested that the stone derived its name and its virtue from the manes or spirits of the dead (E. Hoffmann, in Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, N.F. l. (1895), pp. 484–486). Mr. O. Gilbert supposes that the stone was hollow and filled with water which was poured out in imitation of rain. See O. Gilbert, Geschichte und Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum, ii. (Leipsic, 1885) p. 154 note. His suggestion is thus exactly parallel to that of Furtwängler as to the pitcher at Crannon (above, p. [309] note 6). Compare W. Warde Fowler, Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic (London, 1899), pp. 232 sq.

[1087] Nonius Marcellus, s.v. aquilex, p. 69, ed. Quicherat. In favour of taking aquilex as rain-maker is the use of aquaelicium in the sense of rain-making. Compare K. O. Müller, Die Etrusker, ed. W. Deecke, ii. 318 sq.

[1088] Diodorus Siculus, v. 55.

[1089] Philochorus, cited by Athenaeus, xiv. 72, p. 656 A.