[3] The site was excavated in 1885 and 1886 by Sir John Savile Lumley, now Lord Savile, who was then English ambassador at Rome. Further excavations were conducted in 1886–1888 by Signor Luigi Boccanera, and again in 1895 by Signor Eliseo Borghi. See Notizie degli Scavi, 1885, pp. 159 sq., 192 sq., 227 sq., 254 sq., 317–321, 344, 428 sq., 478 sq.; id. 1887, pp. 23–25, 120 sq., 195–198; id. 1888, pp. 193 sq., 392 sq.; id. 1889, pp. 20–22; id. 1895, pp. 106–108, 206, 232, 324, 424–438; Bulletino dell’ Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica, 1885, pp. 149–157, 225–242; R. Lanciani, in the Athenaeum, October 10, 1885, pp. 477 sq.; R. P. Pullan, in Archaeologia: Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity, l. (1887) pp. 58–65; O. Rossbach, in Verhandlungen der vierzigsten Versammlung deutscher Philologen und Schulmänner in Görlitz (Leipsic, 1890), pp. 147–164; G. H. Wallis, Illustrated Catalogue of Classical Antiquities from the Site of the Temple of Diana, Nemi, Italy (preface dated 1893). The temple measured 30 metres in length by 15.90 in breadth (Notizie degli Scavi, 1885, p. 193). It had columns on either side of the pronaos (Vitruvius, iv. 7. 4). A few votive offerings found on the site in earlier times are described in Graevius’s Thesaurus Antiquitatum Romanarum, xii. col. 752–757, 808. For the inscriptions of Nemi and Aricia see Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, xiv. Nos. 2156–2226, 4180–4210, 4268–4275a; W. Henzen, in Hermes, vi. (1872) pp. 6–13; G. Tomassetti, in Museo Italiano di Antichità Classica, ii. (1888) coll. 481 sqq. Among these inscriptions the many dedications to Diana serve to identify the site beyond a doubt. The evidence of ancient writers is collected by Cluverius, Italia Antiqua, ii. pp. 920–935. See also H. Nissen, Italische Landeskunde, ii. (Berlin, 1902) pp. 588–592; and for the topography, Sir W. Gell, The Topography of Rome and its Vicinity (London, 1834), i. pp. 182–191, ii. pp. 112–117.
[4] Appian, Bellum Civile, v. 24.
[5] Suetonius, Divus Julius, 54. Serving his own gods thus, he naturally felt no compunction at relieving the barbarous Gaulish gods of their little savings (Suetonius, ib.).
[6] Appian, loc. cit.
[7] Fasti, iii. 267 sq.
[8] Juvenal, Sat. iv. 117 sq.; Persius, Sat. vi. 56, with the scholiast’s note; Martial, Epigr. ii. 19. 3, xii. 32. 10. Persius calls this part of the road the slope of Virbius. Juvenal and Martial call it the Arician slope. But the former was probably the correct name, for at Rome also there was a “slope of Virbius” on the Esquiline, near a sanctuary of Diana (Livy, i. 48. 6). The double coincidence with Aricia is probably significant, as has been acutely pointed out by Mr. A. B. Cook (Classical Review, xvi. (1902) p. 380, n. 3). We shall return to this later on. As to Virbius, we shall hear more of him presently.
[9] W. Henzen, in Hermes, vi. (1872) pp. 6–12; Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, xiv., Nos. 2215, 2216, 2218.
[10] At the place called S. Maria, in the commune of Nemi, there have been found remains of a magnificent villa of the first or second century, built in terraces just above the lake and adorned with variegated marbles, frescoes, and works of art. See Notizie degli Scavi, 1888, pp. 194–196, 393 sq. The place is near the mouth of the ancient emissary, below the village of Genzano; the vineyards beside the lake are here littered with fragments of fine marbles. In January 1901 I visited the site in the company of Mr. St. Clair Baddeley, who has kindly furnished me with some notes on the subject.
[11] Cicero, Ad Atticum, xv. 4. 5.
[12] Suetonius, Divus Julius, 46. From a letter of Cicero to Atticus (vi. 1. 25) we infer that the house was building in 50 B.C.