never conquered by Romans, [4], [12];
did not have mastery of sea in Norse times, [12];
Christian missions and Columban church, [12];
viking invasion, [13];
Pictish language superseded by Gaelic, [14], [19];
never dispossessed of upper parts of valleys throughout Norse occupation, [16];
conquered by Scots, [17];
language, "P" Celtic, [19];
Picts of Athole, Moray, Ross and Cat, [38] ;
Pictish church and Pictish province of Ross and Moray resisted Scottish civilisation, [75], [76];