An Introduction to the History of Western Europe

by James Harvey Robinson

[113] Henry's letter and one from the German bishops to the pope are both in Henderson, Historical Documents, pp. 372–376.

[114] Gregory's deposition and excommunication of Henry may be found in the Readings, Chapter XIII.

[115] For Gregory's own account of the affair at Canossa, see Readings, Chapter XIII.

[116] For a fuller account of the troubles between Gregory and Henry, see Henderson, Germany in the Middle Ages, pp. 183–210; Emerton, Mediæval Europe, pp. 240–259.

[117] See Readings, Chapter XIII.

[118] For the emperors Lothaire (1125–1137) and Conrad III (1138–1152), the first of the Hohenstaufens, see Emerton, Mediæval Europe, pp. 271–282.

[119] Something will be said of the mediæval towns in Chapter XVIII.

[120] Reference, Emerton, Mediæval Europe, pp. 271–291.

[121] Reference, Emerton, Mediæval Europe, pp. 293–297.

[122] The origin of the name Ghibelline, applied to the adherents of the emperor in Italy, is not known; it may be derived from Waibling, a castle of the Hohenstaufens.