Further, in treating of the changes made in the form of the Jura by the ravages of time, our author observes, page 273, vol. I.
«Le faite de la montagne, battu de tous cotés par les vents, et par les pluies, a souffert des altérations les plus grandes: ici les couches du coté du lac ont été detruites, et laissent voir les sommités des couches opposées, dont les escarpemens paroissent tourner contre ce même lac; là, ce font les couches du coté de la vallée de Mijoux, qui out été emportées, et la montagne en pente uniforme de notre coté, est escarpée du coté de celle vallée; plus loin, le faite entier a été enlevé, et là on voit des abaissemens ou des gorges comme aux Faucilles, à St. Serge, etc.
«Les flancs et la base de La montagne ont aussi été dégradés par les torrens que produisent la pluie et les neiges fondues, qui ont formé de larges et profondes excavations.»
These ravages of time, or rather of the wasting operations of the surface of the earth, however great, compared with the little changes that we find in our experience, or in the most ancient record of our histories, are little things, considering the softness and solubility of the materials, and compared with the wasting of the Alps, which we find in tracing up those same rivers to their sources in the icy valleys. Let us go up the Arve to the valley of Chamouni. From this fertile valley, M. de Saussure heads us up the Montanvert, 428 fathoms above the level of the valley, and consequently 954 above that of the sea.
From this mountain we descend again into the high frozen valley which runs between the granite mountains, and pours its ice into the valley of Chamouni.
In this high valley, which communicates with an immensity of the like kind, we find ourselves among the most hard and durable materials. Here we must perceive, that most enormous masses of those solid materials had, in the course of time, been wasted by the flow effects of air and water, of the sun and frost, in order to hollow out those barren valleys of immense extent, which have, during an amazing tract of time, contributed from their solid rocks to the formation of travelled soils below, but which materials have long ago been travelling in the sea. The sides of those valleys are solid rock here exposed naked to our view. It is to such a place as this that we should go to see the operations of the surface wasting the solid body of the globe, and to read the unmeasurable course of time that must have flowed during those amazing operations which the vulgar do not see, and which the learned seem to see without wonder!
M. de Saussure, in his second volume of Voyages dans les Alps, has given us a most interesting view of this scene, p. 6.
«En montant au Montanvert, on a toujours sous ses pieds la vue de la vallée de Chamouni, de l'Arve qui l'arrose dans toute la longueur, d'une soule de villages et de hameaux entourés d'arbres et de champs bien cultivés. Au moment ou l'on arrive au Montanvert, la scène change; et au lieu de cette riante et fertile vallée, on se trouve presqu'au bord d'un précipice, dont le fond est une vallée beaucoup plus large et plus étendue, remplie de neige et de glace, et bordée de montagnes colossales, qui étonnent par leur hauteur et par leurs formes, et qui effraient par leur stérilité et leurs escarpements.»
It is the cause of this appearance, of deep valleys and colossal mountains, that I would now wish my readers to perceive. This is a thought which seldom strikes the mind of wondering spectators, viewing those lofty objects; they are occupied with what they see, and do not think how little what they see may have been, compared with what had been removed in the gradual operations of the globe. We have but to suppose this scene hewn out of the solid mass of country raised above the level of the valley; and, that this had been the case, must appear from the examination of all around.
Let us follow our author up those valleys between the solid granite mountains, valleys which properly are great rivers of ice moving, grandly but slowly, the ruins of those mountains upon which they were gathered. It is the Glacier de Bois upon which he is set out, (p. 26.)