Purple red from santonin, if alkaline (if acid, is reddish yellow).
Red from madder (it is alleged from indigo).
Yellow from carrots.
Blue (indigo blue) may occur in urine of horse or ox when exposed to the air.
Bluish green will come from feeding indigo.
White or yellow color will result from the presence of pus.
White, chylous urine occurs with a hæmatozöon (Bilharzia Crassa) in the blood of cattle.
Translucency. Urine may be passed clear and become turbid by standing. The presence of colloids hinders precipitation and prevents clearing.
Horse: Urine is generally turbid, especially what has been long in the bladder, and that which is last passed. The turbidity is largely due to precipitation of calcium carbonate and bicarbonate, and increases on green food, or if the liquid stands exposed to the air and is cooled. Not unfrequently the salts are thrown down as fine spherical granules, or there may be a white pultaceous mass. They are sometimes entangled in extremely mobile cylindroid masses coming from the uriniferous tubes during convalescence from fevers or during fasting. A fine pellicle on the surface is normal in horse’s urine left in the air.
Ox, Sheep and Goat: Urine is passed clear. May become turbid through the change of lime carbonate into bicarbonate in cattle but always more slowly than in the horse.