Birds: White or yellow, sedimentary. Mixed with fæces in cloaca.
Color of Pathological Urine: Pale yellow with excessive secretion glycosuria, polyuria, cryptogamic polyuria, chronic interstitial nephritis, under diuretics, or after excessive drinking. The free secretion of a crisis in a fever is pale yellow.
Deep yellow, deep red, deep brown color, indicates excess of urinary pigment (urobiline) and is deepened by nitric acid. This is seen in all hyperthermias with suppressed or diminished secretion, in privation of water, or food. This urine is acid even in herbivora.
Yellow, saffron yellow, brownish yellow, greenish, olive, or brownish red indicate the presence of bile pigments (biliverdin, bilirubin) as in jaundice or cholyuria. Bile salts should be tested for. A similar coloration may come from free consumption of carrots, or other yellow pigmentary matters.
Red, brownish red, blood red, or deep brown color implies the presence of blood or blood coloring matter in the urine (hæmaturia, hæmoglobinuria). Exposed to the air this becomes brown or chocolate in ratio with the amount of blood or blood pigment present. Some such cases are complicated by blood clots.
Color due to Foreign Constituents.
Bronze or black color may come from injection of phenic acid.
Deep green or olive green may come from tar, carbolic acid, salol, creosote, or derivatives of benzine taken in.
Brownish green comes from thallin and reddens with iron chloride.
Brown or blood red from rhubarb or senna.