Wajaje half-tribe—Earth phratry: Gens 5, Maʞan, Medicine, a buffalo gens, also called ʇe-sĭnde it`ajĭ, Does-not-touch-buffalo-tails (in two subgentes: 1, Real Ponka, Keepers-of-a-sacred-pipe; 2, Gray Ponka). Gens 6, Wacabe, Dark buffalo (in two subgentes: 1,[pg 229] Buffalo tail, or,ʇe-¢eze ¢atajĭ, Does-not-eat-buffalo-tongues, or ʇe-jiñga ¢atajĭ, Does-not-eat-a-very-young-buffalo-calf; 2, ʇe-da it`ajĭ, Does-not-touch-a-buffalo-head or skull). Water phratry (?): Gens 7, Wajaje, Osage (in two subgentes at present: 1, Dark Osage, Keepers-of-a-sacred-pipe, or Waseʇu-it`ajĭ, Does-not-touch-verdigris, or Naq¢e-it`ajĭ, Does-not-touch-charcoal; 2, Gray Osage, or Wĕs`ă wet`ajĭ, Does-not-touch-serpents; 3, Necta, an Owl subgens, now extinct). Gens 8, Nuqe, Reddish-yellow buffalo (miscalled Nuxe, Ice). Subgentes uncertain, but there are four taboo names: Does-not-touch-a-Buffalo-head (or skull), Does-not-touch-a-buffalo-calf, Does-not-touch-the-yellow-hide-of-a-buffalo-calf, and Does-not-eat-buffalo-tongues.
THE QUAPAW OR KWAPA
When the Kwapa were discovered by the French they dwelt in five villages, described by the early chroniclers as the Imaha (Imaham, Imahao), Capaha, Toriman, Tonginga (Doginga, Topinga), and Southois (Atotchasi, Ossouteouez). Three of these village names are known to all the tribe: 1, Uʞa'qpa-qti, Real Kwapa; 2, Ti'-u-a'-d¢i-man (Toriman), Ti'-u-a-d¢i' man (of Mrs Stafford); 3, U-zu'-ti-u'-wĕ (Southois, etc). The fourth was Tan'wan ji'ʞa, Small village. Judging from analogy and the fact that the fifth village, Imaha, was the farthest up Arkansas river, that village name must have meant, as did the term Omaha, the upstream people.
The following names of Kwapa gentes were obtained chiefly from Alphonsus Vallière, a full-blood Kwapa, who assisted the author at Washington, from December, 1890, to March, 1891:
Nan'panta, a Deer gens; Onphŭn enikaciʞa, the Elk gens; Qid¢ e'nikaci'ʞa, the Eagle gens; Wajiñ'ʞa enikaci'ʞa, the Small-bird gens; Hañ'ʞa e'nikaci'ʞa, the Hañ'ʞa or Ancestral gens; Wasa' e'nikaci'ʞa, the Black-bear gens; Mantu' e'nikaci'ʞa, the Grizzly-bear (?) gens; Te e'nikaci'ʞa, the Buffalo gens (the ordinary buffalo); Tuqe'-nikaci'ʞa, the Reddish-yellow Buffalo gens (answering to Nuqe of the Ponka, Yuqe of the Kansa, ¢uqe of the Osage); Jawe' nikaci'ʞa, the Beaver gens; Hu i'nikaci'ʞa, the Fish gens; Mika'q`e ni'kaci'ʞa, the Star gens; Pe'tan e'nikaci'ʞa, the Crane gens; Cañʞe'-nikaci'ʞa, the Dog (or Wolf?) gens; Wakan'ʇă e'nikaci'ʞa, the Thunder-being gens; Tand¢an' e'nikaci'ʞa or Tan'd¢an tañ'ʞa e'nikaci'ʞa, the Panther or Mountain-lion gens; Ke-ni'kaci'ʞa, the Turtle gens; Wĕs`ă e'nikaci'ʞa, the Serpent gens; Mi e'nikaci'ʞa, the Sun gens. Vallière was unable to say on which side of the tribal circle each gens camped, but he gave the personal names of some members of most of the gentes.
On visiting the Kwapa, in the northeastern corner of Indian Territory, in January, 1894, the author recorded the following, with the assistance of Mrs Stafford, a full-blood Kwapa of about 90 years of age: Among[pg 230] the Hañka gentes are the Hañ'ʞa tañʞa, Large Hañʞa or Mancka' e'nikaci'ʞa, Crawfish people; Wajiñʞa e'nikaci'ʞa, Small-bird people; Jiñ'ʞa e'nikaci'ʞa, Small-bird people; Te ni'kaci'ʞa, Buffalo people, or Hañ'ʞa ji'ʞa, Small Hañʞa; An'pan e'nikaci'ʞa, Elk people; Qid¢a' e'nikaci'ʞa, Eagle people; Tuqe'-nikaci'ʞa, Reddish-yellow Buffalo people; and Cañʞe'-nikaci'ʞa, Dog (or Wolf?) people. Mrs Stafford knew that five gentes were not on the Hañʞa side, three of them, Hu i´'nikaci'ʞa, Fish people, Ni'kia'ta (meaning unknown), and Ke-ni'kaci'ʞa, Turtle people, being on the same side; Mantu' e'nikaci'ʞa, Lion people; and Ti'ju (answering to the Osage Tsiɔu, the Kansa Tciju, and the Ponka Tcinju), meaning not obtained, which last is extinct. Mrs Stafford could not tell on which side camped any of the following gentes given by Vallière: Maqe, Wĕs`ă, Wasa, Jawe, Mikaq`e, Mi, etc. The only persons capable of giving the needed information are among those Kwapa who reside on Osage reservation. According to George Redeagle and Buffalo Calf, two full-blood Quapaw, the Maqe-nikaci'ʞa, Upper World people, were identical with the Wakanʇa e'nikaci'ʞa, Thunder-being people, of Vallière. These two men said, also, that there was no single gens known as the Hañʞa, that name belonging to a major division, probably a half-tribe.
THE KAƝZE OR KANSA
