The founding of New England
James Truslow Adams
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  • Oakes, Uriah, [371].
  • Oath of Supremacy, [71].
  • Old Connecticut Path, [20] and [n.]
  • Old Providence, attempt to found colony at, [125];
    • colony planted at, [134], [135];
    • threatened emigration from New England to, [223], [224];
    • [141], [194].
  • Old Testament, the Puritans' delight, [80].
  • Oldham, John, character of, [106];
    • and Lyford, [107];
    • banished, [107];
    • murdered, [199], [200];
    • [127] and [n.], [187].
  • Oliver, F. S., Alexander Hamilton, quoted, [293].
  • Opportunism, [70].
  • Orange, Prince of. See [William III].
  • Osgood, H. L., American Colonies in the 17th Century, quoted, [35 n.], [217], [330], [338 n.]
  • Oyster River, [436].
  • Pacific Ocean, the Western boundary of Connecticut, as defined in charter, [318].
  • Pacte coloniale, similar to modern trust, [284].
  • Palfrey, John G., History of New England, [201 n.], [217 n.], [260 n.], [267], [338 n.]
  • Papists, excluded from England's demand for religious freedom in colonies, [389].
  • Parkhurst, Anthony, quoted, [29 n.]
  • Parliament, Puritan members of, [75] and [n.];
    • takes permanent place among English institutions, [293];
    • control of colonies by, confined mostly to trade, [294];
    • non-representation of colonies in, [302], [303], [388];
    • issues commissions to privateers, [304], [305].
  • Parliamentary sovereignty, doctrine of, [293].
  • Parris, Rev. Samuel, [452], [454].
  • Parties, substitution of, for churches, as political forces, [310];
    • close connection of theology and, in Mass., [311].
  • Passamaquoddy Bay, [38].
  • Patents. See [Charters].
  • Patrick, Daniel, [203].
  • Patuxet, [249], [250].
  • Pawcatuck River, [250], [321].
  • Peckham, Sir George, [38].
  • Pecksuot (Indian), [105].
  • Pejebscot, [178].
  • Pelham, Sir William, quoted, [123 n.]
  • Pemaquid, fort, captured by Indians, [436];
    • [178], [181], [335], [426].
    • And see [New Harbor].
  • Pennacook, [183].
  • Pennsylvania, cost of carriage of merchandise in, [7];
    • religious freedom in, [276].
  • Penobscot River, Pilgrim trading-post on, [180], [181],
    • seized by French, [181].
  • Pepys, Samuel, [372].
  • Pequot Harbor, [200].
  • Pequot war, [202], [203], [224], [339].
  • Pequots, and Narragansetts, [198], [199], [200];
    • Mass. and Narragansetts join hands against, [201];
    • outrages committed by, [201];
    • Connecticut declares war against, [202] ff.;
    • annihilated, [203] ff.;
    • their country thrown open to settlement, [206];
    • lands of, claimed by Mass., [250];
    • special laws for, in Connecticut, [343], [344].
  • Peter, Rev. Hugh, quoted, [204];
    • [167].
  • Pettisquamscott, Narragansetts defeated at, [359] and [n.]
  • Philip III, of Spain, [51], [58].
  • Philip, Wampanoag sachem, forced to give up arms of his people, [345], [347];
    • succeeds Alexander, [346];
    • charged with disloyalty, [346];
    • inevitable result of harsh terms imposed upon, [346], [347], [348];
    • his character and abilities, [348];
    • prepares for general uprising, [348];
    • Plymouth authorities informed of his plot, [351], [352];
    • escapes into central Mass., [353], [354];
    • war passes out of his control, [357], [358];
    • his breakdown as a leader, [361];
    • killed by Christian Indians, [361];
    • fate of his wife and son, [362].
  • Philip's War, [351-363].
  • Phips, Sir William, captured Port Royal, N. S., [438], [439];
    • first governor of Mass., under new charter, [451];
    • [432], [440], [441], [454], [455].
  • Phratry, the, [18 n.]
  • Pierce, John, patents granted to, [93] and [n.];
    • under second patent becomes owner of land on which Plymouth stood, [105], [106];
    • sells out to Pilgrims, [106];
    • [102], [104].
  • Pilgrims, the, at Leyden, [89] ff.;
    • their motives in leaving Holland, [90];
    • without means for emigration, [90];
    • uncertainty of, as to their destination, [91];
    • send emissaries to London, [91], [92];
    • attitude of James I toward, [92];
    • efforts of, to raise money, [93];
    • agreement of, with Weston and others, [93] ff.;
    • leave Holland for England, and sail from Plymouth on Mayflower, [95], [96];
    • at Provincetown, [97];
    • a mixed lot, [97];
    • London element among, [98];
    • Mayflower Compact signed by, [98];
    • found a pure democracy, later modified, [98];
    • land at Plymouth, [99] and [n.];
    • their enterprise made possible by capital subscribed in London, [99];
    • the Scrooby leaven, [99];
    • make treaty with Samoset, [101];
    • and friendly Indians, [101], [102];
    • first trading voyage to Mass. Bay, [102];
    • obtain grant of land on Cape Ann, [108], [109];
    • outnumbered by other settlers, [109];
    • and Puritans, distinction between, [129];
    • settlements in Maine occupied by, [180];
    • and the Dutch, [187], [188];
    • send expeditions to Connecticut River, [187];
    • forced to yield land at Windsor, [190], [191];
    • claims by Mass. to Maine lands, in conflict with, [218].
    • And see [Bradford, W.], [Plymouth Colony], [Scrooby].
  • Piscataqua River, settlements on, [108] and [n.];
    • [178], [385].
  • Plastrier, Captain, [54], [55].
  • Plumbers Hall, [64].
  • Pluralism, [74], [75].
  • Plymouth, England, [96].
  • Plymouth, Mass., Pilgrims land at, [99] and [n.];
    • first buildings at, [99];
    • sickness at, [100];
    • visit of Samoset to, [100];
    • “perticulers” at, [106], [107];
    • Christmas sports at, [110], [111].
  • Plymouth colony, Bible and beaver the mainstays of, [102];
    • new recruits for, [102], [103];
    • challenged by Narragansetts, [103];
    • the largest single settlement in New England until 1830, [103];
    • and Weston's new settlement at Wessagussett, [104], [105];
    • buys out Pierce, [106];
    • financial condition of, [113];
    • failure of common-stock theory in, [113];
    • location of, poor for Indian trade, [114];
    • forced to resort to coasting voyages for skins, [114];
    • abandoned by London Adventurers, [114], [116];
    • capital secured by, [115];
    • interference of outsiders with trade of, [116];
    • new patent granted to, confirming holdings on Kennebec, [116];
    • Mayflower Compact continued in force, [116];
    • franchise in, [172];
    • dispute with Mass. over Hocking incident, [178], [179];
    • Mass. asks aid of, against Indians, [202];
    • prosperity of, [221];
    • treatment of Quakers in, [268], [275];
    • relation of, to England, [306];
    • “Praying Indians” in, [345];
    • and Alexander, [346];
    • harsh terms imposed on Philip by, [346], [347];
    • raising troops in, [351], [355 n.];
    • war expenses of, [363];
    • schools in, [369];
    • Andros governor of, [411];
    • resumes former government after Revolution, [433], [444];
    • joined with Mass. under charter of 1691, [449];
    • 226, [227], [333], [339], [344], [349], [352], [439].
  • Plymouth Company, provided for in Virginia charter, [48];
    • territory granted to, includes New England, [48];
    • operations of, under patent, [40] ff.;
    • makes John Smith Admiral of New England for life, [60];
    • superseded by the “Council established at Plymouth in the County of Devon,” 62, [63].
  • Plymouth Harbor, [37].
  • Pocasset, [352].
  • Political disabilities due to religious test for franchise, [254].
  • Popham, Sir Francis, [52], [54].
  • Popham, George, founds settlement on Sagadahoc (Kennebec) River, [50] and [n.], [51];
    • [48].
  • Popham, Sir John, sends vessel to New England, [50];
    • his death, [52];
    • [48], [49] and [n.]
  • Popham Memorial, [52 n.]
  • Popish Plot, the, [389].
  • Popular assembly, denied to New England under Dudley government, [410], [411],
      • and under Andros government, [414], [424];
    • universal demand for, [434].
  • Port Royal, N. S., Poutrincourt returns to, [53], [54];
    • burned by Argall, [56];
    • captured by Phips, [438], [439];
    • [180].
  • Portland, harbor of, [5].
  • Portsmouth, N. H., harbor of, [5];
    • founded, [108];
    • [178], [181], [217 n.]
  • Portsmouth, R. I., settled, [185];
    • [247], [249].
  • Portugal, and import trade from the East, [29];
    • conquest of, by Spain, [32].
  • Poutrincourt, Jean de, [53], [54].
  • Povey, Thomas, [296], [297 n.]
  • “Praying Indians,” number and distribution of, [345], [346];
    • mistaken policy of Mass. regarding, [356], [357];
    • [354].
  • Predestination, doctrine of, [77], [78].
  • Presbyterian discipline, Puritans seek to substitute, for established form, [76].
  • Press, censorship of, in Mass., [370].
  • Pring, Martin, [37], [40].
  • Privateering, [42], [43].
  • Privy Council, and the Scrooby fugitives, [88];
    • Gorges's petition to, [156], [157];
    • [329].
  • Probate of wills, etc., in Mass., [423], [424].
  • Providence, R. I., settled, [184], [185];
    • appeals to Mass. in Gorton case, [219];
    • under jurisdiction of Mass., [220], [228];
    • [247], [360].
  • Providence Company, [46].
  • Provincetown, Mayflower arrives at, [97].
  • Purchas, Samuel, [50 n.], [54 n.]
  • Puritan, derivation of word, [64];
    • includes Separatist and Non-conformist, [65].
  • Puritan casuistry, example of, [232].
  • Puritan clergy, gifts of livings to, [72], [73];
    • their learning, [73];
    • pay of, [75];
    • inordinate length of sermons of, [421].
  • Puritan leaders, intend to govern independently of England, [155];
    • their motives considered, [162], [163];
    • their ruthless action not to be excused, [172];
    • criticized by their friends in England, [172], [173];
    • in Mass., and in England, [195] ff.;
    • increase of religious liberty dreaded by, [323].
    • And see [Puritans].
  • Puritan party, rise of, [84];
    • emigration to Mass., [118], [119].
  • Puritanism, essentially a movement of protest, [81], [82], [83];
    • its domination a misfortune, [83], [84];
    • the reasoned expression of the middle-class state of mind, [85];
    • second victory of, and its consequences, [111];
    • balance of good and evil of, [111], [112];
    • in Bermuda, [112];
    • why it flourished in New England, [112];
    • not the only successful colonizing force, [119];
    • influence of New England form of, [121];
    • in England, [124];
    • unhealthy growth of, in New England, [174].
  • Puritans, and ethics, [8], [81], [82];
    • conservative, half-way policy of, [68];
    • and the Church of England, [70], [71];
    • their struggle for control, not for toleration, [71], [72], [74];
    • a small minority of both clergy and laity, [73];
    • fanaticism among, [74];
    • wished to adopt Presbyterian form of government, [76];
    • nature of their struggle with the Church of England, [76], [77], [78];
    • Calvinism and, [77], [78];
    • obsessed by religious questions, [78];
    • deemed themselves elect, [78], [79];
    • and the reign of law, [79];
    • rely on God's will, as revealed by Scriptures to them alone, [79];
    • in spirit almost Jews, [80];
    • their God the God of the Old Testament, [80], [82];
    • sayings of Christ disregarded by, [80] and [n.];
    • status of the devil in their doctrine, [82];
    • and the New Testament, [82];
    • their virtues mainly negations, [82];
    • their political beliefs, [83];
    • social and blood ties between, [124], [125];
    • and Pilgrims, distinction between, [129];
    • persecution of, by Court party, [134];
    • and the Mass. charter, [142];
    • objects of, in coming to Mass., [142], [143];
    • and the unenfranchised class, [144];
    • and T. Morton, [148], [149];
    • their morbid interest in indecent sexual matters, [265 n.];
    • their violent language, [270 n.];
    • and Quakers, [264];
    • again in opposition under Andros, [422];
    • their changed attitude as to what constitutes tyranny, [422], [423].
  • Pym, John, [137], [196], [197], [223].
  • Pyncheon, William, quoted, [155].
  • Pynchon, John, [308], [354], [355], [356], [409], [416].
  • Quakers, in 17th century, [263];
    • specially obnoxious to Puritan leaders in Mass., [263], [264];
    • their beliefs, [264];
    • persecution of, in Mass., [264] ff.;
    • how treated in Rhode Island and elsewhere, [266], [275], [276];
    • [267];
    • reaction in favor of, [268], [269], [272];
    • proceedings against, halted by Charles II, [273], [274] and [n.],
    • but renewed, [274];
    • brutal law against, revived in Mass., [323];
    • [313], [314], [322].
  • Quebec, founded, [38];
    • seized by Kirk, [180];
    • French college at, [369];
    • unsuccessful naval expedition against, [440], [441].
  • Quincy, Mass. See [Mt. Wollaston].
  • Quinnipiack, [207], [226].
  • Quit-rents levied in Maine by Mass., [386];
    • and the sale of unallotted and other lands in New England, [418], [419].
  • Quo Warranto proceedings, against charter of Mass., threatened, [385], begun, [393], and abandoned, [394];
    • to cancel charters of Rhode Island and Connecticut, [412], [413].
  • Raleigh, Sir Walter, and Gosnold, [36], [37];
    • [68].
  • Randolph, Edward, sent as special messenger to Mass., [377];
    • his character and views, [377];
    • how treated in Mass., [377], [378] and [n.];
    • in New Hampshire, [379];
    • his report to Laws of Trade, [379] and [n.];
    • his charges and recommendations, [381];
    • appointed Collector of Customs in New England, [385], [386];
    • obstructed in his duties, [389];
    • brings royal letters to Mass., [391];
    • suggests temporary government of New England, [408];
    • dissatisfaction of, with Dudley government, [411];
    • quoted, [373 n.], [407] and [n.];
    • [384], [393], [403], [405], [406], [409], [410], [413], [417], [420], [423], [424], [427], [429], [432].
  • Ratcliffe, Philip, mutilated and banished, [151];
    • [156].
  • Ratcliffe, Rev. Robert, [420].
  • Ray, John, [371].
  • Razilly, Claude de, [232].
  • “Reasons for raising a fund,” influence of, in grant of Virginia Charter, [45], [46].
  • Reformation, the, [84], [364].
  • Religion, Puritan imagination concentrated on questions of, [78];
    • shades of, in Mass., [129], [130];
    • and politics, in Puritan state, [143];
    • superseded by commerce, as prime influence in politics, etc., [366].
  • Religious liberty, government of Rhode Island based on, [252], [253];
    • trend toward, [262], [263];
    • progress in, [275], [276];
    • bigoted opposition to, in Mass., [277];
    • increase of, how regarded by theocracy, [323].
  • Religious test for franchise, abandoned in Mass. charter of 1691, [447].
    • And see [Franchise].
  • Religious toleration, not seriously considered except in Holland, [118];
    • denial of, in New England, inevitable, [143];
    • non-existent in Mass., [174];
    • denied by church synod, [256], [257];
    • in Mass., under new government, [420] ff.;
    • [389].
  • Rents, in England, rise of, [123].
  • Restoration of the Stuarts, not inimical to interests of liberty and the colonies, [246];
    • changes following the, [278];
    • extent of British Empire at, [279], [280];
    • marks beginning of modern English, [311],
      • and of American history, [316];
    • [252], [293], [295], [309], [364].
  • Reyce, Robert, quoted, [123 n.], [124 n.]
  • Rhode Island, land locked waters of, [6];
    • settlers in, [120];
    • franchise in, [172];
    • founders of, opposed to policies of Mass., [183], [184];
    • R. Williams the true founder of, [184], [185];
    • first settlements in, [184], [185];
    • character of emigrants to, [195].
  • Rhode Island colony, founded by charter of 1644, [185];
    • contrast between Mass. and, [185], [186];
    • functions of General Assembly of, [186];
    • defects of form of government, [186], [187];
    • growth of population of, [224];
    • ill-feeling of Mass. against, [227], [228];
    • sends privateers against Dutch, [237];
    • Mass. policy of annexation set back in, [247-250];
    • protests arrest of her citizens at Stonington, [251];
    • internal government of, firmly established, [252];
    • kindly treatment of Quakers in, [266], [267], [275], [277];
    • relation of, to England, [306];
    • proclaims free trade with Dutch, [313];
    • proclaims Charles II, [317];
    • and Connecticut, [320], [321];
    • obtains new charter, [320];
    • in danger of annihilation, [325];
    • boundaries of, [332];
    • given jurisdiction over King's Province, [332], [333];
    • population of, in 1675, [338];
    • towns destroyed in, [363];
    • schools in, [369 n.];
    • seeks establishment of Supreme Court over all New England, [387];
    • charter of, canceled, [412];
    • added to jurisdiction of Andros, [412];
    • resumes former government after Revolution, [433], [434];
    • [209], [215], [226], [227], [231], [318], [336].
  • Rich, Sir Nathaniel, [125], [133], [134], [138], [141].
  • Richards, John appointed agent of Mass., [390], [392].
    • And see [Dudley, Joseph, and Richards].
  • Richelieu River, [4].
  • Richmond's Island, [178].
  • Rigby, Alexander, [244].
  • Rivers, as boundaries, [1];
    • only means of communication with interior in America, [6].
  • Robinson, John, his early history, [86];
    • minister of church at Leyden, [89], [90];
    • his parting address to Pilgrims, [95], [96];
    • [71], [92], [146].
  • Robinson, William, Quaker, [271], [272].
  • Rochelle, fall of, [118].
  • Rocroft, Captain, [61].
  • Roman law, and right of discovery, [41].
  • Rome, fear of her influence, [427], [428], [429].
  • Rosewell, Sir Henry, [127].
  • Roxbury, [140], [190].
  • Royal Commission sent to New England, members of, [330] and [n.];
    • instructions to, [330], [331];
    • at Boston, [331] ff.;
    • answers of General Court to charges and requests of, [333], [334];
    • letter of, to Mass., [334], [335];
    • in New Hampshire and Maine, [335];
    • establishes English authority at New York, [336];
    • result of their mission in New England, [336];
    • recommendations of, as to Mass., [336].
  • Sabino, settlement planted by Gilbert and Popham at, [50];
    • settlement at, abandoned, [50].
  • Sachem, office of, [17].
  • Saco, [244], [436].
  • Sagadahoc (Kennebec) River. See [Sabino].
  • St. Castine, Baron de, [426].
  • St. Croix Island, de Monts and Champlain settle at, [38], [39];
    • settlement broken up, by Argall, [55].
  • St. Croix (West Indies), [119], [120].
  • St. George, fort, [50].
  • St. George's Island, [38].
  • St. George's River, settlement on, [109];
    • [38] and [n.];
  • St. Germain, treaty of, [180], [232].
  • St. Helena, [280], [285].
  • St. Kitts, [119], [120], [134].
  • St. Lawrence River, [3], [6], [426].
  • St. Loe, Captain, [411].
  • St. Sauveur, colony founded by Mme. de Guercheville at, [55],
    • broken up by Argall, [55].
  • Salem, charter granted to Puritan settlement at, [125], [126];
    • limits of land grant conflict with those of other patents, [126];
    • new arrivals at, [127] and [n.];
    • and deaths at, [140];
    • R. Williams teacher of church at, [163];
    • forced to expel Williams, [164];
    • polity of church at, and growth of Congregationalism, [130];
    • covenant of church at, [131];
    • church at, refuses to join synod, [255];
    • and the witchcraft delusion, [454];
    • [104], [382].
  • Salmon Falls, massacre at, [437].
  • Saltonstall, Sir Richard, quoted, on religious intolerance in Mass., [261];
    • [128], [138], [161], [181], [196], [232], [321], [409].
  • Salus populi, suprema lex, [306], [310].
  • Samoset, Sachem, visits Plymouth, [100], [101].
  • Sandys, Sir Edwin, and the Pilgrims' project of emigration, [91], [92];
    • treasurer of Virginia Co., [92];
    • [62], [133].
  • Sandys, Sir Samuel, [91].
  • Sassachus, Pequot Sachem, [203].
  • Sassamon, John, discloses Indian plot, [351];
    • murdered, [351].
  • Savage, James, [187 n.]
  • Saving remnant, doctrine of the, [73], [74].
  • Say and Sele, Lord, letter to Winthrop, quoted, [223];
    • [125], [143], [167], [179], [181], [191], [195], [196], [197], [217], [222].
  • Saybrook, Conn., settled, [196];
    • Indian murders at, [201];
    • [200], [202], [215], [226], [242].
  • Scalping, practice of, [15], [16].
  • Schenectady, massacre at, [37].
  • Schmoller, E., quoted, [290].
  • Scire Facias, writ of, against Mass. charter brings judgment of annulment, [394] and [n.]
  • Scrooby, independent church at, [86] and [n.];
    • persecution of members of, [87], [88],
      • who decide to flee to Holland, but are arrested, [88];
    • finally reach Amsterdam, [88];
    • remove to Leyden, [89];
    • their life there, [89] ff.
  • Sea, influence of, on discovery and settlement of new lands, [11], [12].
  • Sea-power and an ocean empire, [291].
  • Seal, importance of, in grants of land, [417], [418].
  • Selden, John, [134].
  • Semple, Ellen C., quoted, [10].
  • Sempringham, England, [138] and [n.]
  • Senegal, [285].
  • Separatism, and the Pilgrims, [129];
    • and the Puritans, [130].
  • Separatists, and Puritans, [65], [67];
    • their action logical and courageous, [68];
    • number of, [68].
  • Sequasson, and Uncas, [239], [240].
  • Settlers, early, in America, in no sense Americans, [316].
  • Sewall, Samuel, and the Dudley government, [411];
    • quoted, [407], [421] and [n.], [422];
    • [372].
  • Shamans. See [Medicine-men].
  • Shattuck, Samuel, Quaker, [273], [274].
  • Shawmut, settlement at, [109].
  • Sheepscot, settlement at, [109];
    • [178].
  • Sheffield, Lord, [108].
  • Shepard, Thomas, [372], [373].
  • Shipping, in New England, [286].
  • Shoals, Isles of, [5].
  • Six-mile Island, Indian murders at, [201].
  • Skelton, Rev. Samuel, pastor of Salem church, [127], [131].
  • Smith, John, at Jamestown, [49];
    • his character, [57];
    • on New England Coast, [57], [58];
    • his map the beginning of modern New England cartography, [58];
    • his Description, [58];
    • carries fish and furs to London, [59];
    • made Admiral of New England for life, [60];
    • [54 n.], [94], [370].
  • Smith, Richard, [265 n.];
  • Smythe, Sir Thomas, [62].
  • Somers Islands. See [Bermuda].
  • South Carolina, religious freedom in, [276].
  • South Meeting-house (Boston), [421].
  • Southampton, Earl of, [36], [37], [54].
  • Southampton, England, Pilgrims at, [96].
  • Southampton, L. I., [206].
  • Southcott, Thomas, [127].
  • Southern colonies, comparative value of land in, and in New England, [9].
  • Southerton. See [Stonington].
  • Southold, [206].
  • Southwell, Sir Robert, [409].
  • Southwick, Daniel, [268], [270], [271].
  • Southwick, Provided, [268], [270], [271].
  • Sovereignty, theory of later Stuarts as to, [365], [366];
    • location of, the main question in old and New England, [374], [375].
  • “Sow” case, [212].
  • Spain, possessions of, in South America, [29], [42] and [n.];
    • conquest of Mexico by, [29];
    • oriental trade in hands of, [29];
    • and England under Elizabeth, [30], [31];
    • extravagant pretensions of, after conquest of Portugal, challenged by Elizabeth, [32];
    • claims all of North America, [41];
    • treaty of 1604 with England, [42];
    • and English settlements in Virginia and Maine, [50], [51].
  • Speedwell, the, takes Pilgrims from Holland to England, [95], [96];
    • left in England, [96].
  • Spice Islands, [285].
  • Springfield, Mass., destroyed by Indians, [356];
    • [242], [354].
  • Squanto (Indian), faithful friend of settlers, death of, [105];
    • [59], [60], [61], [101], [102], [103].
  • Stagg, Captain, [304].
  • Stamford, [206].
  • Standish, Myles, in Mayflower's company, [97];
    • not a Puritan, [97];
    • his character, [97];
    • [102], [105], [107], [113], [114], [115], [116], [179].
  • Stansby, ——, [172].
  • State, theory of the, [374].
  • States (of the U. S.), artificial character of boundaries of, [1];
    • histories of, localized, [1].
  • Stevenson, Mamaduke, Quaker, [271], [272].
  • Stone, Samuel, at Newtown, [189];
    • murdered by Pequots, [198], [199], [200].
  • Stoneman, John, [49 n.]
  • Stonington, declared to be part of Suffolk Co., Mass., [250];
    • clash between Mass. and Rhode Island at, [251].
  • Stoughton, William, agent of Mass. in England, [380] ff.;
    • presides at trials of “witches,” [454];
    • [345], [368], [369], [390], [391], [392], [409], [416], [424], [429], [451].
  • Stratford, [206].
  • Strawberry Bank, [217 n.]
  • Strong, Richard, [36].
  • Stuarts, the, and the colonies, [296], [309];
    • and Parliament, [366];
    • colonial policy of, [366];
    • [399].
  • Stuyvesant, Peter, as negotiator, [235], [236];
    • charged with inciting Indians to attack colonies, [237];
    • [313n.]
  • Sudbury, [360].
  • Sugar, [285].
  • Sumatra, [280].
  • Supreme Court of Judicature over all New England, suggested by Rhode Island, [387].
  • Swally, battle of, [56].
  • Swansea, Indian murders at, [352].
  • Sylvester, Giles, and New Haven, [314], [315] and [n.]
  • Synod, convoked to consider religious problems, [255] ff.;
    • adopts Cambridge Platform, [256].
  • Taxation, controversy over, between Mass. and Connecticut, [242], [243];
    • enforcement of general bill concerning, under Andros, resisted in Essex County, Mass., [425];
    • [152], [172], [383], [387], [388], [410], [424].
    • And see [No taxation without representation].
  • Taxes, levying of, under Mass. charter, [152].
  • Taylor, Jeremy, [371].
  • Thames River (Conn.), [340].
  • Theocracy, the, fundamental idea of, [311];
    • and the struggle for intellectual and political freedom, [329];
    • interpretation of Mass. charter by, inconsistent with spirit of liberty, [395];
    • results of efforts to perpetuate, [395], [396].
    • And see [Clergy], [Puritan leaders].
  • Theology, and politics, close connection of, [311].
  • Thompson, David, settles at mouth of Piscataqua, [108] and [n.],
    • on Thompson's Island, [109];
    • [115].
  • Thompson's Island, [109].
  • Thorne, Robert, [31].
  • Timber, in New England, [9], [11].
  • Time, element of, [368].
  • Tithes, commutation of, [74], [75].
  • Tobacco culture in England, [300] and [n.];
    • [285].
  • Tobago, [367].
  • Toleration Act, [276].
  • Tordesillas, treaty of, [41].
  • Totems, [18].
  • Town, the, unit of Southern New England frontier, [339], [340];
    • and country, conflict of economic interests, etc., between, [373], [374].
  • Town-government system of Mass., extra-legal under old charter, [450].
  • Town-meetings, law limiting holding of, [426];
    • [152], [154], [396], [397], [456].
  • Towns, land granted to, in chartered colonies, [417];
    • titles of, not valid, [417], [418];
    • under new charter, [425], [426].
  • Trade, monopoly of, in colonial charters, [34];
    • with Indians, and Plymouth[Plymouth], [114];
    • and shipping, ordinances for control of, [298] ff.
    • And see [Commerce].
  • Trade routes, early, [4] and [n.];
    • policed by England, [289 n.]
  • Transoceanic Empires of 17th century, a new type, [280].
  • Treat, Robert, [355], [356], [416].
  • Trelawney, Robert, [184 n.], [244].
  • Tribe, the, [19].
  • Trinidad, [367].
  • “True and Sincere Declaration, A” (Jamestown), [61].
  • Turner, Frederick J., quoted, [224].
  • Tyng, Jonathan, [409], [416].
  • Uncas, Mohegan sachem, and Sequasson, sequel of quarrel between, [239], [240];
    • and Miantanomo, [240], [241];
    • [204], [205], [358].
  • Underhill, John, [202], [203], [217].
  • Uniformity, Act of, [311], [312].
  • United Colonies of New England, nature of government of, [229];
    • existence of England ignored by, [229];
    • defects of, [229];
    • did valuable service, [229], [230];
    • largely dominated by Mass., [230];
    • conditions in, 1643 to 1660, [231], [232];
    • dealings of, with Dutch, [234], [235], [237];
    • weakened by abstention of Mass., [238];
    • declare war on Dutch, [238];
    • and the case of Miantanomo, [240], [241];
    • action of, criticized, [241];
    • Mass. refuses to accept decision of, in tax dispute with Connecticut, [242], [243];
    • weakness of bond between members, [245], [349], [350];
    • undertake to settle dispute concerning Gorton's lands, [248], [249];
    • urge death penalty for Quakers, [268];
    • new Articles of Confederation, [355 n.];
    • raise more troops, [355], [358], [359], [360].
  • United States, sectional divisions of, [2].
  • Unity, religious, [66].
  • “Unspottyd Lambs,” [64], [74].
  • Upshall, Nicholas, Quaker, [266].
  • Usher, Elizabeth, [436].
  • Usher, Roland G., [87 n.]
  • Vane, Sir Harry, Governor of Mass., a follower of Ann Hutchinson, [167], [168];
    • fails of reëlection, [168];
    • deputy for Boston, [167];
    • returns to England, [170];
    • pleads for religious[religious] liberty, [275];
    • [173], [249].
  • Vassall, William, [214].
  • Vaughan, William, [400].
  • Venezuela, [43].
  • Verrazano, Giovanni da, voyages of, [28].
  • Vines, Richard, [60].
  • Virginia, charter of, issued in 1606, [46];
    • provides for two colonies, [48];
    • settlers in, [120];
    • fewer common schools, but wider culture in, [370];
    • [285], [367].
    • And see [London Company], [Plymouth Company].
  • Virginia, North, events in, [52] ff.
  • Virginia Company, approves the Pilgrims' project, [92];
    • dissensions in, [92];
    • [33], [128].
  • Virginia House of Burgesses, [154].
  • Wakefield, Gibbon, [119].
  • Waldron, Richard, [361], [400].
  • Walley, John, [440], [441].
  • Walton, Izaak, [371].
  • Warwick, Earl of, [72], [125], [126], [133], [134], [138], [141], [149], [184 n.], [191], [195], [196], [197], [217].
  • Warwick, R. I., settled, [185];
    • [247], [248], [249].
  • Wash, neighborhood of, the special area of emigration, [122] ff.;
    • Puritanism in, [124], [125].
  • Watertown, church at, [143];
    • town-meeting of May, 1689, [435];
    • [140], [155], [190].
  • Weetamoo, squaw sachem, warns English of Philip's plot, [352].
  • Welde, Thomas, [263 n.]
  • Wells, Maine, [245].
  • Wenicunnett. See [Hampton].
  • Wessagussett, Weston's settlement at, abandoned, [105];
    • permanent settlement at, [108].
  • West, Captain, Admiral of New England, [106].
  • West, John, [423], [424].
  • West Indian colonies, more important than continental ones, [46];
    • effect of limited area of, [175].
  • West Indies (English), trade relations of, with England and New England, [286], [287];
    • [285], [312].
  • West Indies (French), trade relations with New England, [287].
  • Westminster Confession, adopted by church synod, [256].
  • Weston, Thomas, and associates, agreement with Pilgrims for joint-stock company, [93], [94];
    • procures separate patent for himself, [104], [105];
    • ruined, becomes a trader at Plymouth, [105];
    • [96], [102].
  • Wethersfield, Indian outrages at, [201];
    • [191], [192].
  • Weymouth, George, [37], [38], [40].
  • Whalley, Edward, regicide, [314].
  • Wharton, Lord, [432].
  • Wheeler, Thomas, [354], and [n.]
  • Wheelwright, John, disfranchised and banished from Mass., [170];
    • founds Exeter, [182] and [n.];
    • [165], [166], [167], [183], [210].
  • White, Rev. John, quoted, [172];
    • [124], [126], [136].
  • White Mountains, [4].
  • Whitney, J. D., quoted, [9].
  • Wigglesworth, Michael, [206], [371].
  • Willard, Simon, [354].
  • William III, effect in Boston of news of his landing in England, [428], [429];
    • and the colonies, [431], [432];
    • [445].
  • Williams, Roger, A Key into the Language of America, [20];
    • and Cotton, [129];
    • his character, [163];
    • teacher of Salem church, [163];
    • his doctrine as to power of magistrates, [163];
    • advocates religious toleration, [164], [165];
    • attacks validity of charter, [164];
    • banished from the colony, [164];
    • escapes to Indians in Rhode Island, [165];
    • had few adherents, [165];
    • his expulsion a great loss, [165];
    • founder of colony of Rhode Island, [184], [252];
    • makes peace between Narragansetts and colonies, [201],
      • ingratitude of Mass. toward, [201] and n.;
    • quoted, [185], [204], [343];
    • [71], [125], [146], [147], [195], [199], [202], [220], [227], [240], [241], [247], [248], [249], [260], [362].
  • Williams, Captain, [54].
  • Wilson, Rev. John, [167], [172], [260], [261].
  • Wincob, Jacob, patentee, [92] and [n.]
  • Windsor, Conn., settled by Pilgrims, [188];
    • Dorchester men and Pilgrims at, [190], [191];
    • [192].
  • Winslow, Edward, imprisoned, [158];
    • quoted, [90], [100], [103], [215];
    • [101] and [n.], [115], [116], [158], [164], [179].
  • Winslow, John, [428].
  • Winslow, Josiah, Governor of Plymouth, commands expedition against Narragansetts, [359] and [n.];
    • [314 n.], [346], [349 n.]
  • Winter, ——, [184 n.], [244].
  • Winthrop, Fitz-John, commands expedition against Canada, [439] ff.; [409], [416], [429].
  • Winthrop, Henry, [135].
  • Winthrop, John, his character, [135], [137];
    • a Puritan, [135];
    • his reasons for emigrating, [136], [137], [138];
    • elected governor of Mass., [140], [145], [169];
    • goes to America with settlers, [140];
    • and R. Williams, [164];
    • abandons lenient course, [167];
    • and T. Hooker, [193], [194];
    • opposes limitation of judicial authority, [211];
    • on the “sow” case, [212];
    • and the expedition to Acadia, [232], [233];
    • death of, [258];
    • his character and services considered, [258], [259];
    • quoted, [240], [241], [255], [256], [307], [308];
    • [79], [119], [121], [125], [134], [139], [141], [142], [143], [147], [148], [149], [150], [155], [156] and [n.], [160], [161], [162], [170], [171], [172], [173], [174], [179], [185], [187], [189], [195], [196], [204], [213], [214], [215], [221], [222], [223], [225], [227], [228], [315].
  • Winthrop, John, of Connecticut, quoted, [268] and [n.]
  • Winthrop, John, Jr., Governor of Connecticut, [318];
    • as colony's agent in England, procures charter, [318];
    • [167], [173], [191], [196], [199], [201], [320].
  • Winthrop, Robert C., [136 n.]
  • Winthrop, Stephen, quoted, [172], [173].
  • Winthrop, Wait, [409], [416], [433].
  • Wise, John, punished for refusing to pay taxes, [425].
  • Wissler, Clark, quoted, [22].
  • Witchcraft delusion, the, in New England, [451-456].
  • Wolfe, James, [54].
  • Wollaston, Captain, and Thomas Morton at Mt. Wollaston, [109], [110];
    • goes to Virginia, [110].
  • Wood, William, [371].
  • Wood Creek, [440].
  • Wyborne, John, [344 n.], [376].
  • Yale, David, [206], [213].
  • York, Commissioners of Province of, [87].
  • York, County of, organized, [245].
  • York, Duke of, [335].
    • And see [James II].
  • York, Maine, settlement at, [108], [178], [244].
  • Younge, Sir John, [127].