WHITE SPRINGS, Hulse (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-88
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: This is a medium sized point with short, broad stem and excurvate blade edges.
MEASUREMENTS: Fourteen paratypes, including the illustrated example, provided the following measurements: length—maximum, 66 mm.; minimum, 42 mm.; average, 50 mm.: shoulder width—maximum, 36 mm.; minimum, 28 mm.; average, 32 mm.: stem length—maximum, 24 mm.; minimum, 17 mm.; average, 20 mm.: stem length—maximum, 7 mm.; minimum, 3 mm.; average, 6 mm.: thickness—maximum, 10 mm.; minimum, 3 mm.; average, 9 mm.
FORM: The cross-section may be biconvex or flattened. Shoulders are horizontal and narrow. Blade edges are slightly excurvate, rarely incurvate. The distal end is acute. The hafting area is stemmed, with straight side edges. The basal edge is thinned and usually straight, but may be incurvate and may be ground.
FLAKING: Shallow, random, rarely transverse oblique, flaking was used to shape the blade and stem faces. Blade and stem edges were retouched by removal of short, probably pressure, flakes.
COMMENTS: The type was named from points found in the White Springs area on the north side of the Tennessee River in Limestone County, Alabama. The illustrated holotype is from Hulse Site 17 in Limestone County, Alabama. Examples appear to be more numerous in the Tennessee River Valley of North Alabama, where they are found on early Archaic sites. Three points (l, n, and o, Plate 12, Page 45) listed among examples of Sykes points from the Eva Site (Lewis and Lewis, 1961) appear to fit into the White Springs type. Most examples found at Stanfield-Worley Bluff Shelter (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962) were from the lower levels of Zone A (early Archaic), and one example was among the artifacts associated with Burial 8 at this site. This was an early Archaic burial featuring Morrow Mountain points. Examples were illustrated (Webb and DeJarnette, 1942) from sub-mound Burial 88 from Site Ct 27 in the Pickwick Basin of the Tennessee River. Observed materials from many North Alabama sites suggest a typological relationship between White Springs, Benton Stemmed, and Buzzard Roost Creek points. Benton Stemmed is thought to have been in use later than White Springs and possibly than Buzzard Roost Creek. An early Archaic association is suggested, with an estimated date of 5000 B. C. to about 4000 B. C. or later.