EBENEZER, Kneberg (This Paper): A-107
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: The Ebenezer is a small, short-stemmed, point with rounded stem and excurvate blade edges.
MEASUREMENTS: The illustrated example, which provided the features, is 38 mm. long, 19 mm. in shoulder width, 15 mm. in stem width, 6 mm. in stem length and 7 mm. thick.
FORM: The cross-section is biconvex. Shoulders are narrow and are usually tapered but may be straight. The blade is usually excurvate with an acute distal end. The stem is short and rounded.
FLAKING: The blade and stem are shaped by broad, shallow or deep, random flaking. Short, regular retouch finishes the blade edges. Use of a rather poor grade of local flint at the Camp Creek Site (Lewis and Kneberg, 1957) may account for the relatively crude flaking on examples from this site.
COMMENTS: The Ebenezer type was illustrated as Rudimentary Stemmed at Camp Creek in Greene County, Tennessee (Lewis and Kneberg, 1957) where the illustrated example was recovered (Cambron Site 284). Fifty-eight examples were recovered scattered through the midden. The type was described as being "associated with early Woodland artifacts on other upper eastern Tennessee sites". A radiocarbon date of 2050 ±250 B. P. was obtained from the homogeneous midden at Camp Creek. One example was recovered from the middle of Stratum I (Woodland) at Flint Creek Rock Shelter (Cambron and Waters, 1961). At Flint River Mound Ma 48 (Webb and DeJarnette, 1948a) in the Woodland zone, one example was recovered from Zone A and one from Zone B. The Ebenezer point was dominant at the Rankin Site on French Broad River (headwaters of Tennessee River) where most of the ceramics were sand-tempered. This evidence would place the type in early to late Woodland association with a suggested date of from about 2000 years ago to possibly 1500 years ago or some part thereof. The type is similar to some illustrated examples of Cliffton points from Texas (Suhm, Krieger and Jelks, 1954), which are estimated to be near the same age.