COMMENTS: The type was named from examples from sites at and near Mulberry Creek in Colbert County, Alabama. The illustrated example is from Cambron Site 8 in Morgan County, Alabama. One example was recovered from Level 1, Zone A at the Stanfield-Worley Bluff Shelter (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962). At the Little Bear Creek Site in Colbert County, Alabama (Webb and DeJarnette, 1948b), six of the fourteen recovered examples were from the 2-foot level, two from the 1-foot level, two from Zone A (2.75'), two from the 3-foot level and two from the 6-foot level. This evidence indicates an introduction in middle Archaic times, a strong association to late Archaic, and survival into early Woodland at this site. At the Flint River Shell Mound (Webb and DeJarnette, 1948a) two examples were taken from Zone A (upper Woodland), one from Zone C (upper Archaic) and one from Zone D (lower Archaic). Based on this information and surface collection associations, a climax of the type in late shellmound Archaic is suggested for North Alabama. Distribution seems to be somewhat limited, although similar examples are illustrated from early Woodland Roskamp Focus of Illinois (Wray, 1950) and from Boone Focus (early Woodland) of central Missouri (Chapman, 1948).
NEW MARKET, Cambron (This paper): (Formerly classified as Randolph) A-74
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: This is a medium sized, narrow, rounded stem point with expanded shoulders.
MEASUREMENTS: Six plesiotypes, including the illustrated example, provided the following measurements: length—maximum, 61 mm.; minimum, 45 mm.; average, 51 mm.: shoulder width—maximum, 18 mm.; minimum, 15 mm.; average, 17 mm.: stem width—maximum, 13 mm.; minimum, 10 mm.; average, 12 mm.: stem length—maximum, 12 mm.; minimum, 9 mm.; average, 11 mm.: thickness—maximum, 9 mm.; minimum, 6 mm.; average, 7 mm.
FORM: The cross-section is biconvex. Shoulders are narrow and tapered and may be expanded. Excluding the expanded shoulders, the blade is usually straight but may be slightly excurvate. The distal end is sharply acute. The stem is contracted-rounded and thinned on the edges. Sides of the stem are usually straight. The basal edge is always excurvate.
FLAKING: Flaking used to shape the faces of the blade and stem is usually fairly deep, as is most of the fine retouching along the edges. The expanded shoulder is formed by leaving that area of the blade intact during finishing of the blade edges. In some cases the lack of retouch along the basal edge of the blade resulted in an absence of expanded shoulders. Local materials were used.
COMMENTS: The type was named for the New Market Site near New Market, Alabama, where the type was first recognized. The type was described in previous editions of this book as Randolph, a historic type named by Coe (1959) from the Doerschuk Site in Piedmont, North Carolina. The New Market point has been found to differ in flaking as well as culturally from the Randolph type. The illustrated example is from Cambron Site 76 (Pine Tree) in Limestone County, Alabama. The type is similar in some respects to Bradley Spike, but differs in that the stem is tapered and rounded, shoulders may be expanded, and fine retouch is a feature of the blade. One example was recovered from Level 2 at the University of Alabama Site Ms 201 in Marshall County, Alabama. One example was recovered from Zone A and two from Zone A-B at the Flint River Shell Mound (Webb and DeJarnette, 1948a). These proveniences place the type at these sites in the Woodland period or later. They are found at Flint River and nearly always in surface collections with Swan Lake, Flint River Spike, and Bradley Spike points.