[39] See map.
[40] See [Part II] of this book.
[41] Winter is the rainy season in northern Formosa; summer the rainy season in the southern part of the island.
[42] One of the distinguishing characteristics of the Hakkas is that the women never “bind” their feet; whereas the feet of all the other Chinese-Formosan women are “bound,” i.e. crippled and distorted. This “sin of omission” on the part of the Hakkas seems to have something to do with the contempt in which they are held by the other Chinese, both in Formosa and on the mainland.
[43] The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, gives the aboriginal population of Formosa as 104,334. This is probably a fairly correct estimate, although the Japanese claim that 120,000 is more nearly correct, they wishing to give the impression that the aboriginal population is increasing, rather than diminishing.
[44] During my residence in Formosa I personally saw instances of the most hideous cruelty on the part of the Japanese toward the Chinese-Formosans, and of barbaric torture, officially inflicted, as punishment for the most trivial offences (as later—in the spring of 1919—I saw the same thing in the other Japanese colony, Korea, on the part of the Japanese toward the gentle Koreans). But this is an aspect of Japanese colonization with which in this book I shall not deal.
[45] The camphor “factories” established in the mountains—such as the one illustrated—for the extraction of crude camphor from the camphor wood are naturally of a primitive kind. The crude camphor is brought down to Taihoku to be refined.
[46] This actually happened during my residence in Formosa, the Japanese boasting of the cleverness of the expedient, and ridiculing the aborigines for believing—as they did—that the aeroplane was a huge bird, and the bomb its poisonous excrement.
[47] In connection with the care, especially the medical treatment, which Father Candidius gave to the native people, naturally many stories of miracles have grown up.