[49] The Taiyal tribe is the same as that which Swinhoe, who spent a few days among them in 1857, calls the Tylolok (see Hastings’ Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, vol. vi. p. 85).
[50] Stakes driven into the ground, extending upward to a height of six feet, or more (see illustration of Yami house).
[52] The colour of the skin, the shape of the features, and the occasionally curly hair of certain members of the Yami suggest that the people of this tiny island—Botel Tobago—have in them an admixture of Papuan blood, which modifies the predominant Malay strain. This admixture is also suggested by certain features of their arts and crafts.
[53] During the days of the Chinese government of Formosa when there was a British consulate at Takao.
[54] See illustrations from snapshots taken by the author, showing how these very small women keep their heads covered—bound with cloths—as much as possible, in order to conceal their hair.
[55] That is, of the same tribal group, which constitutes a social unit.
[56] This, of course, does not apply to a forced oath, extorted through terror.
[57] This constitutes part of the puberty initiation ceremonies.
[58] See illustration of Paiwan skull-shelf, at the side of doorway of chief.