- v is pronounced as f, lev (lion) is pronounced lef,
- h is pronounced as ch, sníh (snow) is pronounced sních,
- z is pronounced as s, lez (crawl!) is pronounced as les,
- ž is pronounced as š, běž (run!) is pronounced as běš,
- ď is pronounced as ť, loď (ship) is pronounced as loť.
When, however, a vowel follows the sonant, this will keep its full sound; lvi, lions; ve sněhu, in the snow; lezu, I crawl; běžím, I run; lodě, ships.
Prepositions v, in; k, to, towards; s, with, are words. They must therefore be separated from words before which they stand but in speaking they are united to the following word and pronounced as one, e. g.: v lese, in the forest say vlese; k bratru, to the brother say kbratru, s pánem, with the gentleman, say spánem.
GRAMMAR.
Pronouns.—Náměstky.
| Já, | I, | my, | we, |
| ty, | thou (but translated you) | vy, | you, |
| on, | he, | oni, ) | they |
| ona, | she, | ony, ) | |
| ono, | it; | ona, ) |
Notice that while in English the plural of all three he, she and it is they, each of these has its own plural form in Bohemian.
We have had so far two classes of verbs and the auxiliary to be, býti.
| Já volám, | I call, | my voláme, | we call, | |||
| ty voláš, | you call, | vy voláte, | you call, | |||
| on ) | volá | he ) | calls | oni ) | volají, | they call. |
| ona ) | she ) | ony ) | ||||
| ono ) | it ) | ona ) | ||||
The personal pronoun is usually omitted, except in emphatic statements. The third person plural of the verbs of the first lessons: mají, they have, znají, they know (the same as volají) and jsou, they are.