C.) If the stem vowel is ů, ex. bůh, this ů changes into o in all oblique cases, (all other cases except nominative singular), bozi, nom. pl., boha, of the god, etc.
D. Hard consonants must soften before i or í (locative plural), see [lesson VI.] on the necessary change.
E.) In the vocative the stem vowel shortens in pane! Sir! The hard consonants softens before -e, in this case: bože! God!, bratře! brother! With many nouns ending in ch, h, and k the vocative singular ends in -u, hochu! vojáku! synu!
F.) e before the final consonant is dropped out in the oblique cases, Ex. pes, dog, psi, psu, etc. Orel, eagle, orla, orli; Turek, Turk, Turka.
Infinitive and past participle of verbs.—Neurč. způsob a příčestí sloves.
| I. pers. sing. | Infinitive. | Past participle. |
|---|---|---|
| volám, I call, | volati, to call, | volal, called, |
| dám, I give, | dáti, to give, | dal, given, |
| znám, I know, | znáti, to know, | znal, known, knew, |
| chválím, I praise, | chváliti, to praise, | chválil, praised, |
| mluvím, I speak, | mluviti, to speak, | mluvil, spoken, spoke, |
| chodím, I walk, | choditi, to walk, | chodil, walked. |
Almost all the Bohemian verbs end in the infinitive of -ti. The participle (masculine) is very often formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ti by -l.—The past participle adds -i in masculine plural, -a in feminine singular, -y in feminine plural.
Žák mluvil. The pupil spoke. Žáci mluvili. The pupils spoke. Sestra mluvila. The sister spoke. Sestry mluvily. The sisters spoke.