Distributive Justice: The Right and Wrong of Our Present Distribution of Wealth
John A. Ryan
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  • Haines, H. T.: [405].
  • Hammond, M. B.: [402].
  • Henry George: on primitive common ownership, [17];
    • on first occupancy, [21-24];
    • on title of labour, [24-29];
    • on natural right to land, [30-39];
    • on right of community to land values and rent, [39-47];
    • on Single Tax, [51], [52].
  • Hillquit, Morris: [159].
  • Hobson, J. A.: [418].
  • Howe, F. C.: [76-78].
  • Human welfare: the test of property rights in land, [36-38];
    • and of a system of land tenure, [74];
    • and of increment taxes, [109-111];
    • and of titles of property, [150], [151], [244], [293-295];
    • as a canon of distributive justice, [252], [253];
    • as justifying profits, [256], [257], [389];
    • as justifying higher than living wages, [386].
  • Hyndman and Morris: [20].
  • Income: distribution of national, [81-83].
  • Incomes: injustice of equal, [244];
    • progressive taxation of, [297-302].
  • Increment taxes: [102-117].
  • Inefficiency: of leadership and labour under Socialism, [158-168].
  • Inheritance: legal limitation of, [293-295];
    • progressive taxation of, [296-302].
  • Interest: nature of, [137-140];
    • rate of, [141-144];
    • alleged intrinsic justifications of, [171-186];
    • attitude of Church toward, [172-176];
    • extrinsic titles of, [172];
    • and the title of productivity, [176-181];
    • and the title of service, [181], [182];
    • and the title of abstinence, [182-186];
    • social and presumptive justifications of, [187-209];
    • necessity of, [191-199];
    • civil authorization, [201-204];
    • how justified, [204-209], a "workless" income, [210];
    • possibility of reducing rate, [211-213];
    • distinguished from profits, [238], [239];
    • versus wages, [390-393].
  • Investor: the "innocent," [286], [287].
  • Ireland: reduction of rents in, [69-71];
    • compulsory sale of land in, [110];
    • co-operation in, [217-219].
  • Italy: co-operation in, [223].
  • Justice: dependence of on charity, [318];
    • not found in prevailing-rate theory, [325];
    • nor in exchange equivalence theories, [326-340];
    • nor in productivity theories, [340-355];
    • and the wage contract, [370-372];
    • and the legal minimum wage, [407].
  • Kautsky, Karl: [153].
  • King, W. I: [82], [83], [122], [123], [155], [240], [310], [414].
  • Labour: as a title to land, [24-29];
    • and to products, [45];
    • and to the entire product of industry, [145-152], [341-347];
    • productivity of, [178], [179];
    • inefficiency of under Socialism, [162-167];
    • mediæval measure of cost of, [336], [337];
    • claims of different groups of, [381-387];
    • legislative proposals for, [416], [417].
  • Labour unions: efficacy and limitations of, [417-420];
    • and legislation, [420-423].
  • Labourer, the: claim of to rent, [71-73];
    • right of to his product, [25], [26], [28], [43], [45], [149], [150], [179], [180];
    • gains of from wage contract, [327], [328];
    • right of to a living wage, [363-369], [373];
    • versus the capitalist, [390-393], [396];
    • versus the consumer, [393-398];
    • and co-operative enterprise, [423-425].
  • Land: distribution of, [16], [17], [87-89];
    • large holdings of, [89], [90];
    • accessibility to, [91-95];
    • the leasing system, [95-97];
    • public ownership of, [98-100].
  • Landowner: right of to rent, [67-73];
    • his share of product, [80-89].
  • Landownership: in history, [8-18];
    • two theories of, [8], [9];
    • in pre-agricultural conditions, [10-12];
    • origin of private, [12-14];
    • prevalence and benefits of, [15-18];
    • arguments against private, [19-47],
      • by Socialists, [19-21],
      • by Henry George, [21-47];
    • private, the best system of tenure, [48-55];
    • four elements of, [48];
    • a natural right, [55-56].
    • See Henry George, Occupancy, Labour, Right, Compensation, Confiscation, Defects, Rent.
  • Land System: defects of the existing, [74-93].
  • Land values: how created by the community, [40-47];
    • increase of, [83-86];
    • taxation of, [117-130].
  • Langenstein: [335].
  • Lassalle, F.: [183].
  • Large estates: special taxation of, [130-132].
  • Leadership: industrial, under Socialism, [158-167].
  • Leasing system: [95-97].
  • Legislation: for labour, [120-123], [416].
  • Liberty: under Socialism, [168-170].
  • Liebknecht, W.: [152].
  • Life: right to, [57];
    • true conception of, [317].
  • Limitation of fortunes: [291-302];
    • directly, [292-295];
    • by taxation, [296-302].
  • Livelihood, decent: [360-363];
    • the labourer's right to, [363-365];
    • the employer's, [366].
  • Living wage: the minimum of wage justice, [356-380];
    • three fundamental principles, [358-360];
    • and a decent livelihood, [360-363];
    • right of labourer to, [363-369];
    • obligation of employer to pay, [365-372];
    • for a family, [373-376];
    • and social welfare, [376], [377];
    • authorities for, [377], [378];
    • money measure of, [378-380];
    • versus other titles of reward, [381], [382], [386].
  • Loan capitalist: and the claims of the labourer, [366], [367], [390], [391].
  • Loans: attitude of Church toward interest on, [172-174];
    • and productive capital, [174], [175].
  • Maine, Sir Henry: [17].
  • Market value: and wage justice, [330-332], [370], [375].
  • Marriage: right to, [57], [58];
    • and reasonable life, [374].
  • Marx, Karl: [145-148], [342], [343], [374].
  • Materialism: in current conception of welfare, [314-318].
  • Meade, E. S.: [265], [266].
  • Menger, A.: [342].
  • Middle Ages, doctrines of: on interest, [172], [175], [176], [201];
    • on titles of gain, [175];
    • on wage justice, [332-336].
  • Minimum: of wage justice, [356-380].
  • Minimum profits: question of right to, [258-260].
  • Minimum wage: [353-355], [400-423];
    • in operation, [400-405];
    • ethical and political aspects of, [407], [408];
    • economic aspect of, [408-416];
    • opinions of economists on, [412-416], [420-423].
  • Modern: version of exchange-equivalence, [336-340].
  • Monopoly: in relation to land, [75-80];
    • moral aspect of, [262-278];
    • excessive gains of, [263-265];
    • efficiency of, [265-267], [275-277];
    • discriminative underselling by, [267-270];
    • favors to by railroads, [262], [273];
    • natural, [273-275];
    • suppression versus regulation of, [275-278];
    • by labour, [390], [397].
  • Natural monopolies: [273-275].
  • Natural rights: [57-59]. See Rights.
  • Nearing, Scott: [83-85]; [154], [210], footnote.
  • Needs: as a canon of justice, [244], [246], [356-358];
    • classification of, [308], [309];
    • exaggerated conception of, [314-318];
    • a standard of wage justice in Middle Ages, [335], [336].
  • Occupancy, first: as a title to land, [21-24];
    • as exemplified in increment taxes, [109].
  • Occupation: question of right to a livelihood from a present, [362], [363].
  • Original titles: See Occupancy, Labour.
  • Overcapitalization: [279-290]. See Stockwatering.
  • Ownership: titles of determined by reasonable distribution, [150], [151].
  • Perkins, G. W.: [276].
  • Personality: as basis of industrial rights, [358-371], [374].
  • Pesch, H.: [215].
  • Pope Benedict XIV: [173].
    • Clement IV: [23].
    • Gregory the Great: [306].
    • Innocent XI: [316].
    • Leo XIII: [64-66], [306], [309], [377].
    • Sixtus V: [176].
  • Population: excessive increase of urban, [86].
  • Possession: as a partial justification of interest: [205], [206].
  • Possessors: obligation of to non-possessors, [359], [360].
  • Presumption: as a partial justification of interest, [205];
    • and the canon of productivity, [248].
  • Prevailing rate theory: of wage justice, [323-325].
  • Prices: test of extortionate, [269], [270];
    • legalized agreements fixing, [277], [278];
    • versus wages, [393-399].
  • Principles: three fundamental to living wage doctrine, [358-360].
  • Product: distribution of national, [181-183]. See Labour, Labourer, Right.
  • Production: of land values by the community, [39-47];
    • co-operation in, [222-228].
  • Productivity: as a title to the product, [25], [26], [28], [43], [45], [149], [150], [179];
    • as a title to interest, [172], [173], [176-181], [204], [205];
    • of labour and capital, [178-180];
    • as a canon of distribution, [246-249], [350], [351];
    • as justifying large profits, [255-258], [262], [388], [389];
    • as a title to wages, [341-355], [385];
    • Clark's theory of, [347-351];
    • Carver's theory of, [351-355].
  • Profits: nature of, [237-242];
    • as compared with interest and rent, [139], [140], [238], [239];
    • amount of, [239], [240];
    • in a corporation, [241], [242];
    • in conditions of competition, [254-261];
    • indefinitely large, [255-258];
    • minimum, [258-260];
    • surplus and excessive, [263-265];
    • in natural monopolies, [273], [274];
    • versus wages, [388-390].
  • "Progress and Poverty": [21], [22], [24], [25], [30], [34], [39], [51], [52].
  • Proudhon: [342].
  • Public honour: efficacy of under Socialism: [165-167].
  • Pullman Company: [289].
  • Reform: versus revolution, [94].
  • Rent: economic, [3-7];
    • commercial, [5];
    • how produced by society, [39-47];
    • right of landowner to, [67-75];
    • right of tenant and labourer to, [69-73], [396];
    • increase and amount of, [80-87];
    • distribution of, [87-89];
    • in United States, [122].
  • Rent charges: attitude of theologians toward, [175], [176].
  • "Res fructificat domina":
    • limitations of this formula, [60], [61], [104], [105], [111], [180], [345].
  • Revolution: versus reform, [94].
  • Riches: from land, [88], [89].
  • Right: of the individual to land, [30-39];
    • of the community to land values and rent, [39-47];
    • of the producer to his product, see productivity;
    • of private landownership, [56-66];
    • to take rent, [67-73];
    • of access to the earth, [358-360];
    • to a decent livelihood, [360-363];
    • to a living wage, [363-369], [372], [376].
  • Rights: three principal kinds of natural, [57-59];
    • of property, as created by the State, [202].
  • Rodbertus, K.: [342].
  • Roman Congregations: on lawfulness of interest taking, [173], [174].