Ancient America, in Notes on American Archaeology - John D. Baldwin

[The figures in this Index refer to pages.]

Adobe used in Northern Mexico, [82];
in Peru for later constructions, [243];
used by Mound-Builders, [27].
Ancient history of Mexico and Central America in the old books and traditions, [197-200];
Aztecs preceded by Toltecs, and Toltecs by Colhuas, [198];
Colhuas the original civilizers, [198-9];
they may have come from South America, [198], [200];
Chichimecs the original barbarians, [198];
the Colhuas first settled in Tabasco, [199];
Mayas, Quichés, Tzendals, etc., originally Colhuas, [200], [205];
Colhuan kingdom of Xibalba, [199];
Colhuas, Toltecs, and Aztecs branches of the same people, [206];
such a history implied by the political condition in which the country was found, [206];
theories of this old civilization considered, [165-183];
it was original in America, [184-6].
Antiquity of man and civilization, [181-2], [273-5].
Antiquity of the Mexican and Central American ruins, [151-59], [184];
the great forest was 450 years ago what it is now, [151];
it covers an ancient seat of civilization, [95], [151], [152];
Copan forgotten and mysterious before the Conquest, [152];
there was a long period of history preceded by development of the civilization, [152], [153];
distinct epochs traced, [155], [156];
no perishable materials left in the ruins, [156-159];
an extreme notion of their antiquity, [157], [158], [207];
another notion makes this the “oldest civilization in the world,” [159-61];
Tyrians saw the old cities 3000 years ago, [162-64].
Antiquity of the Mound-Builders, [45-51];
a new river terrace formed since they left, [47];
decayed condition of their skeletons shows antiquity, [48-9];
“primeval” forests found growing over their works, [50-1].
Astronomical monument in Southern Mexico, [122-3];
at Chapultepec, [220-1];
in Peru, [254];
Mexican calendars, [214-15];
Peruvian calendars, [236].
See [Telescopic Tubes].
Atlantis supposed to be an ingulfed part of America, [175-7];
its destruction recorded in Egypt and related to Solon, [177-8];
said to be recorded in old Central American books, [176];
Proclus on remembrance of Atlantis, [178];
derivation of the words Atlas, Atlantes, and Atlantic, [179];
opinions relative to former existence of such land, [180-1];
geological probabilities, [181];
memory of war with the Atlantes preserved at Athens, [178].
Aztec civilization denied in a “New History,” [207-8];
facts discredit this denial, [208-9];
Cortez found abundant supplies, [208], [210];
found Mexican mechanics, masons, and the like, [213], [214], [215];
the city of Mexico and its great temple, realities, [208], [212], [215];
both described, [211-12];
present remains of them, [214-15].
Aztecs, the, were less civilized than their predecessors, [221];
they came from the south, [217-18];
when they left Aztlan, [219];
how long they had been in Mexico, [219];
what they learned and borrowed of their neighbors, [220-1];
did not adopt the phonetic system of writing, [221];
could not have left such ruined cities as Palenque and Mitla, [221];
Aztecs still found at the south, [218-19].

Balboa’s hunt for Peru, [223-4].
Basques, their fishing voyages to America, [62].
Books of ancient America destroyed in Mexico and Central America by the Aztec Ytzcoatl, [189];
by Spanish fanaticism, [188-9];
a few of the later books saved, [180-196];
some of the more important, [195-6];
books of hieroglyphics in Peru, [256].
Boturini collected Mexican and Central American books, [195];
misfortunes of his collection, [195-6].
Brasseur de Bourbourg on the antiquity of the Mound-Builders, [53];
on their Mexican origin, [57];
on their religion, [53];
on the Chichimecs, [198];
on Huehue Tlapalan, [201];
on Nahuatl chronology, [204];
his “Atlantic theory,” [159], [160], [174-83];
he has great knowledge of American traditions and antiquities, [174];
discovered the works of Ximenes and Landa’s Maya alphabet, [191], [192];
translated “Popol-Vuh,” [192];
he is unsystematic, confused, and fanciful, [102], [160].
Brereton on the wild Indians of New England, [62-5];
his invented stories of their copper and flax, [62], [63].

Calendars in Mexico, [214-15];
in Peru, [236].
Central American and Southern Mexican ruins most important, [93];
their masonry and ornamentation, [99-101];
a great forest covers most of them, [94], [103], [104];
a road built into the forest in 1695, [95], [151-2];
this forest covers a chief seat of the ancient civilization, [95];
Cinaca-Mecallo, [124].
Cevola, “Seven Cities” of, [85-9].
Charencey, M. de, attempts to decipher an inscription, [292-3];
his singular speculation concerning the worship of Kukulcan, [293].
Charnay, Desiré, his account of Mitla, [121], [122].
Chronology of the Mexican race, [203-4];
of the Peruvians, [265-6].
Civilization, antiquity of, underrated, [181-2], [273].
Cloth of Mound-Builders, fragments of, [41].
Coin among the Muyscas, [271].
“Coliseum” at Copan, [114].
Columbus and the Mayas, [209-10].
Copan, its ruins situated in wild region, [111];
first discovered in 1576, and were then mysterious to the natives, [93], [111];
what Mr. Stephens saw there, [111], [112];
what Palacios found there 300 years ago, [113], [114];
the inscriptions, monoliths, and decorations, [112];
seems older than Palenque, [112], [113], [155].
Copper of Lake Superior described, [43].
Coronado’s conquest of “Cevola,” [85], [86].
Cortez invades Mexico, [210];
his progress, [210-11];
well received at the city of Mexico, [211];
driven from the city, [213];
how the city was taken, [213-14];
it was immediately rebuilt, [214];
the plaza made of part of the inclosure of the great temple, [214];
Cortez could not have invented the temple, [215].
Cross, the, not originally a Christian emblem, [109];
vastly older than Christianity as a symbolic device, [109], [110];
common in Central American ruins, [109];
the assumption that it was first used as a Christian emblem has misled inquiry as to the age and origin of antiquities, [110].
Cuzco, Montesinos on its name, [227];
was probably built by the Incas on the site of a ruined city of the older times, [226-7];
the ruins at Cuzco, [226], [234-5].

Egyptian pyramids totally unlike those in America, [183];
no resemblance between Egyptians and the Mexican race, [183].
Ethnology, American, discussed, [65-9];
South Americans the oldest aborigines, [68], [69], [185];
Huxley’s suggestion, [69].

Gallatin, Albert, on Mound-Builders, [34].
Garcilasso partly of Inca blood, [258];
not well qualified to write a history of Peru, [258-9];
he began with the fable of Manco-Capac, and confined all history to the Incas, [259-61];
was received as an “authority,” [269];
his influence has misdirected Peruvian studies, [269].
Gila, valley of, its ruins, [82].
Gold the most common metal in Peru, [250];
astonishing abundance of Peruvian gold-work, [249-50];
their gardens made of gold, [250];
amount of gold sent from Peru to Spain, [238], [250];
gold calendar found recently at Cuzco, [236].

Herrara on the buildings in Yucatan, [149].
Huehue-Tlapalan, from which the Toltecs went to Mexico, [57], [75], [201-3];
supposed to be the Mississippi and Ohio valleys, [202], [203];
described in old Central American books, [202];
the Toltecs driven from Huehue-Tlapalan by the Chichimecs, or wild Indians, [203];
it was at a distance northeast of Mexico, [201], [202];
Cabrera and others on Huehue-Tlapalan, [202].
Humboldt on Phœnician symbols in America, [186];
on the origin of the Aztecs, [218];
on Peruvian great roads, [245];
on books of hieroglyphics found in Peru, [246], [255];
describes the pyramid of Papantla, [91], [92].
Huxley on American ethnology, [69].

Incas of Peru, origin of the title, [267];
they represent only the last period of Peruvian history, [261];
their dynasty began 500 years or less before the Conquest, [260-1];
list of the Incas, [261];
Manco-Capac a fable, [260-1].
Indians of North America, vain endeavors to connect them with the Mound-Builders, [62];
came toward the Atlantic from the northwest, [59];
the Iroquois group may have come first, [58];
their distribution relative to the Algonquins, [59], [60];
date of Algonquin migration estimated, [60];
these Indians resemble the Koraks and Chookchees, [65], [185];
they are entirely distinct from Mound-Builders and Pueblos, [60], [65];
their barbarism original, [61].
“Inscription Rock,” [78].
Inscriptions in Central America written in Maya characters, [196];
written perhaps in an old form of speech from which the Maya family of dialects was derived, [196];
attempts to decipher them, [292].
Iron, names for, in ancient Peru, [248].
Israelitish theory of ancient America, [166-7].

Keweenaw Point, a copper district, [44].
Kukulcan, his worship, [220], [293].

Lake Peten in the forest, Maya settlement there, [95];
Ursua’s road from Yucatan to the lake, [95].
Landa wrote on the Mayas of Yucatan, [191];
preserved the Maya alphabet, with explanations, [191].
Languages in Mexico and Central America, [200], [205];
three groups, [216];
probably not radically distinct, [206], [216];
the most important group supposed to be Colhuan, [205].
Las Casas on Central American annalists, [187-8];
what he says of the old books and their destruction, [188].