Of the Optatiue Mood or wishing maner of Speech.
Note first that whereas the Latins haue for a helpe or signe of the Optatiue or wishing moode the word, Vtinam: the French Dieu vueille, or Pleut á Dieu, and the English, God graunt, Would to God, Oh God that, or else, Oh that: the Italians haue in their Grammars placed these signes, Dio vóglia chè, Dio volésse chè, Piáccia a Dio chè, Oh Dío chè. All which indeed are good and true Italian. But for as much as they are not so generally vsed as this one, Ochè, I haue therefore thoughout all this moode in all verbes vsed and placed no other signe or helpe, expressing fully as much as any of the rest, as for example:
The present or definite tence.
| Io hábbia. | Nói habbiámo. | ||
| O chè: | Tù hábbi. | O chè: | Vói habbiáte. |
| Lúi hábbia. | Lóro hábbiano. |
Of the vse, and what may be obserued in this tence.
First it is to be noted, that all three persons Sing. of this tence, of all verbs of the first Coniugation, end commonly in I. as O che io ámi, Oche tù ámi. Oche lúi ámi, &c. whereas in the second and third coniugations the first and third persons end all in A. and the second in I. as thus, O chè io góda. O chè tù gódi. O chè lúi góda. or Ochè io scríua. Ochè tù scríui. although some make them to end all in A. which is not greatly amisse: whereas all three persons Sing. of the fourth coniugation end in A. or O chè Io dórma. O chè tù dórma. O chè lúi dorma, &c.
The three persons Plu. of this tence of verbes of the first coniugation, are commonly framed thus: To the first person Sing. which is Ami, adde euer Amo, and that makes the first Plu. as Amiámo. Danziámo. Mangiámo. Saltiámo, &c. To the said first person Sing. adde euer Ate, and that makes the second Plu. as Amiáte. Danziáte. Mangiáte. Saltiáte, &c. To the said first person Sing. adde euer No. and that makes the third Plu. as Ámino. Dánzino. Mángino. Sáltino, &c. The same rule doth serue for the verbes of the second and third Coniugations: so that you change the A. into I. or take the second person Sing. of this tence of them all, as of Gódi, or of Scríui, which make in the Plu. Godiámo, Godiáte. Gódino. Scriuiámo. Scriuiáte. Scríuino, &c. The three persons Plu. of this tence of verbs of the fourth Coniugation, are framed by adding Ámo. Áte. and No. to the second person Sing. of the present tence of the Indicatiue mood, which euer ends in I. or thus by changing the A. of the Sing. of this tence in I. which makes Dormiámo. Dormiáte. Dórmino, &c.
Note also as an especiall thing, that whosoeuer hath the present tence of the Optatiue moode of this verbe, hath also (as hath beene said) first the Imperatiue moode, by placing the Pronoune after the verbe; Secondly he hath the present tence of the subiunctiue mood; Thirdly, only by adding any Participle vnto it, he hath the determined Preterperfect tences of the Optatiue and of the Subjunctiue moods of all actiue or transitiue verbes, as thus, Io hábbia amáto. Tù hábbi vedúto. Lúi hábbia scritto, &c. Nói habbiámo saltáto. Vói habbiáte lẻtto. Lóro hábbino dormíto, &c. Fourthly, he hath also the future tence of the Optatiue moode of all actiue verbes, by placing this Aduerbe of time, Da qui inánzi, after the verbe, as you shall see in its place. So that whosoeuer hath this present tence, or of any verbe else, hath sixe tences, and nothing is left him to learn but the imperfect or vndetermined tence, which he may learn by this ensuing tence, which also sheweth the tence called respectiue of the subiunctive mood.
The Preterimperfect or vndetermined tence.