The subject of the work is defined by the title: it is intended to set forth by argument and example the nature and dignity of the state of marriage and the evils springing from adultery and incontinence. The tendency to moralize is naturally much stronger in these poems than in the Cinkante Balades, and they are consequently less poetical. The most pleasing is perhaps xv, ‘Comunes sont la cronique et l’istoire’: ‘Still is the folly of Lancelot and of Tristram remembered, that others by it may take warning. All the year round the fair of love is kept, where Cupid sells or gives away hearts: he makes men drink of one or the other of his two tuns, the one sweet and the other bitter. Thus the fortune of love is unstable: the lover is now in joy and now in torment, but the wise will be warned by others, as a bird avoids the trap in which he sees another caught, and they will not take delight in wanton love.’ Many of the examples are from stories already told in the Confessio Amantis, as those of Nectanabus, Hercules and Deianira, Jason, Clytemnestra, Lucretia, Paulina, Alboin and Rosamond, Tereus, Valentinian.
Text.—Of the Traitié there exist several contemporary copies besides that of the Trentham MS. It is found appended to the Confessio Amantis in MS. Fairfax 3, with a heading which closely connects it with that poem; it occurs among the various Latin pieces which follow the Vox Clamantis in All Souls MS. 98, and again in much the same kind of position in the MS. of the Vox Clamantis belonging to the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow. The first two of these copies are, I have no doubt, in the same handwriting, that which I call the ‘second hand’ of MS. Fairfax 3, and I am of opinion that the third (that of the Glasgow MS.) is so also. This question of the handwritings found in contemporary copies of Gower will be discussed later, when the MSS. in question are more fully described: suffice it to say at present that these copies are all good, and they agree very closely both with one another and with that of the Trentham book, while at the same time they are independent of one another. They have all been collated throughout for this edition. Besides these original copies there is one in Harleian MS. 3869, which appears to be taken from Fairfax 3, and also in the following MSS., in all of which the Traitié follows the Confessio Amantis: Bodley 294, Trinity College, Cambridge, R. 3. 2, Wadham Coll. 13, and the Keswick Hall and Wollaton MSS. Of these Bodley 294 has been collated for this edition, and the rest occasionally referred to.
The MSS. may be tabulated as follows, further description being reserved for the occasions when they are more fully used:—
F.—Fairfax 3, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, containing the Confessio Amantis, the Traitié pour essampler, ff. 186 vo-190, and several Latin poems.
S.—All Souls College, Oxford, 98, containing the Vox Clamantis, Cronica Tripertita, a miscellaneous collection of Latin poems, and the Traitié, ff. 132-135.
T.—The Trentham MS., described above.
G.—Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, T. 2. 17, with nearly the same contents as S. The Traitié is ff. 124 vo-128.
H.—Harleian 3869, in the British Museum, agreeing with F.
B.—Bodley 294, in the Bodleian Library, containing the Confessio Amantis, the Traitié, and a few Latin pieces.
Tr.—Trinity Coll. Camb. R. 3. 2, with nearly the same contents as B.