Antidŏmus, a warlike soldier of king Philip at the siege of Perinthus.
Antidŏtus, an excellent painter, pupil of Euphranor. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 11.
Antigĕnes, one of Alexander’s generals, publicly rewarded for his valour. Curtius, bk. 5, ch. 14.
Antigenĭdas, a famous musician of Thebes, disciple to Philoxenus. He taught his pupil Ismenias to despise the judgment of the populace. Cicero, Brutus, ch. 97.
Antigŏna, daughter of Berenice, was wife to king Pyrrhus. Plutarch, Pyrrhus.
Antigŏne, a daughter of Œdipus king of Thebes by his mother Jocasta. She buried by night her brother Polynices, against the positive orders of Creon, who, when he heard of it, ordered her to be buried alive. She, however, killed herself before the sentence was executed; and Hæmon the king’s son, who was passionately fond of her, and had not been able to obtain her pardon, killed himself on her grave. The death of Antigone is the subject of one of the tragedies of Sophocles. The Athenians were so pleased with it at the first representation, that they presented the author with the government of Samos. This tragedy was represented 32 times at Athens without interruption. Sophocles, Antigone.—Hyginus, fables 67, 72, 243, 254.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 5.—Ovid, Tristia, bk. 3, poem 3.—Philostratus, bk. 2, ch. 29.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 12, li. 350.——A daughter of Eurytion king of Phthia in Thessaly. Apollodorus.——A daughter of Laomedon. She was the sister of Priam, and was changed into a stork for comparing herself to Juno. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 6, li. 93.
Antigŏnia, an inland town of Epirus. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 1.——One of Macedonia, founded by Antigonus son of Gonatas. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 10.——One in Syria, on the borders of the Orontes. Strabo, bk. 16.——Another in Bithynia, called also Nicæa. Strabo, bk. 12.——Another in Arcadia, anciently called Mantinea. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 8.——One of Troas in Asia Minor. Strabo, bk. 13.
Antigŏnus, one of Alexander’s generals, universally supposed to be the illegitimate son of Philip, Alexander’s father. In the division of the provinces after the king’s death, he received Pamphylia, Lycia, and Phrygia. He united with Antipater and Ptolemy, to destroy Perdiccas and Eumenes; and after the death of Perdiccas he made continual war against Eumenes, whom, after three years of various fortune, he took prisoner, and ordered to be starved. He afterwards declared war against Cassander, whom he conquered, and had several engagements by his generals with Lysimachus. He obliged Seleucus to retire from Syria, and fly for refuge and safety to Egypt. Ptolemy, who had established himself in Egypt, promised to defend Seleucus, and from that time all friendship ceased between Ptolemy and Antigonus, and a new war was begun, in which Demetrius the son of Antigonus conquered the fleet of Ptolemy, near the island of Cyprus, and took 16,000 men prisoners, and sunk 200 ships. After this famous naval battle, which happened 26 years after Alexander’s death, Antigonus and his son assumed the title of kings, and their example was followed by all the rest of Alexander’s generals. The power of Antigonus was now become so formidable, that Ptolemy, Seleucus, Cassander, and Lysimachus combined together to destroy him; yet Antigonus despised them, saying that he would disperse them as birds. He attempted to enter Egypt in vain, though he gained several victories over his opponents, and he at last received so many wounds in a battle that he could not survive them, and died in the 80th year of his age, 301 B.C. During his life, he was master of all Asia Minor, as far as Syria; but after his death, his son Demetrius lost Asia, and established himself in Macedonia after the death of Cassander, and some time after attempted to recover his former possessions, but died in captivity in the court of his son-in-law Seleucus. Antigonus was concerned in the different intrigues of the Greeks. He made a treaty of alliance with the Ætolians, and was highly respected by the Athenians, to whom he showed himself very liberal and indulgent. Antigonus discharged some of his officers because they spent their time in taverns, and he gave their commissions to common soldiers who performed their duty with punctuality. A certain poet called him divine; but the king despised his flattery, and bade him go and inquire of his servants whether he was really what he supposed him. Strabo, bk. 13.—Diodorus, bk. 17, &c.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 6, &c.—Justin, bks. 13, 14, & 15.—Cornelius Nepos, Eumenes.—Plutarch, Demetrius, Eumenes, & Aratus.——Gonatas, son of Demetrius and grandson to Antigonus, was king of Macedonia. He restored the Armenians to liberty, conquered the Gauls, and at last was expelled by Pyrrhus, who seized his kingdom. After the death of Pyrrhus, he recovered Macedonia, and died after a reign of 34 years, leaving his son Demetrius to succeed, B.C. 243. Justin, bks. 21 & 25.—Polybius.—Plutarch, Demetrius.——The guardian of his nephew Philip, the son of Demetrius, who married the widow of Demetrius and usurped the kingdom. He was called Doson, from his promising much and giving nothing. He conquered Cleomenes king of Sparta, and obliged him to retire into Egypt, because he favoured the Ætolians against the Greeks. He died, B.C. 221, after a reign of 11 years, leaving his crown to the lawful possessor, Philip, who distinguished himself by his cruelties, and the war which he made against the Romans. Justin, bks. 28 & 29.—Polybius, bk. 2.—Plutarch, Cleomenes.——A son of Aristobulus king of Judæa, who obtained an army from the king of Parthia, by promising him 1000 talents and 500 women. With these foreign troops he attacked his country, and cut the ears of Hyrcanus to make him unfit for the priesthood. Herod, with the aid of the Romans, took him prisoner, and he was put to death by Antony. Josephus, bk. 14.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus & Plutarch, Antonius.——Carystius, an historian in the age of Philadelphus, who wrote the lives of some of the ancient philosophers. Diogenes Laërtius.—Athenæus.——A writer on agriculture.——A statuary, who wrote on his profession.
Antilco, a tyrant of Chalcis. After his death, oligarchy prevailed in that city. Aristotle, bk. 5, Politics.
Antilibănus, a mountain of Syria opposite mount Libanus; near which the Orontes flows. Strabo.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 20.