Antilŏchus, a king of Messenia.——The eldest son of Nestor by Eurydice. He went to the Trojan war with his father, and was killed by Memnon the son of Aurora. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 4.—Ovid, Heroides, says he was killed by Hector.——A poet who wrote a panegyric upon Lysander, and received a hat filled with silver. Plutarch, Lysander.——An historian commended by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
Antimăchus, a lascivious person.——An historian.——A Greek poet and musician of Ionia in the age of Socrates. He wrote a treatise on the age and genealogy of Homer, and proved him to be a native of Colophon. He repeated one of his compositions before a large audience, but his diction was so obscure and unintelligible that all retired except Plato; on which he said, Legam nihilominus, Plato enim mihi est unus instar omnium. He was reckoned the next to Homer in excellence, and the emperor Adrian was so fond of his poetry that he preferred him to Homer. He wrote a poem upon the Theban war; and before he had brought his heroes to the city of Thebes, he had filled 24 volumes. He was surnamed Clarius from Claros, a mountain near Colophon, where he was born. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 35.—Plutarch, Lysander & Timoleon.—Propertius, bk. 2, poem 34, li. 45.—Quintilian, bk. 10, ch. 1.——Another poet of the same name, surnamed Psecas, because he praised himself. Suidas.——A Trojan whom Paris bribed to oppose the restoring of Helen to Menelaus and Ulysses, who had come as ambassadors to recover her. His sons, Hippolochus and Pisander, were killed by Agamemnon. Homer, Iliad, bk. 11, li. 123; bk. 23, li. 188.——A son of Hercules by a daughter of Thestius. Apollodorus, bks. 2 & 3.——A native of Heliopolis, who wrote a poem on the creation of the world, in 3780 verses.
Antimĕnes, a son of Deiphon. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 28.
Antinoe, one of the daughters of Pelias, whose wishes to restore her father to youthful vigour proved so fatal. Apollodorus, bk. 1.—Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 11.
Antinoeia, annual sacrifices and quinquennial games in honour of Antinous, instituted by the emperor Adrian at Mantinea, where Antinous was worshipped as a divinity.
Antinopŏlis, a town of Egypt, built in honour of Antinous.
Antinous, a youth of Bithynia, of whom the emperor Adrian was so extremely fond, that at his death he erected a temple to him, and wished it to be believed that he had been changed into a constellation. Some writers suppose that Antinous was drowned in the Nile, while others maintain that he offered himself at a sacrifice as a victim, in honour of the emperor.——A native of Ithaca, son of Eupeithes, and one of Penelope’s suitors. He was brutal and cruel in his manners; and excited his companions to destroy Telemachus, whose advice comforted his mother Penelope. When Ulysses returned home he came to the palace in a beggar’s dress, and begged for bread, which Antinous refused, and even struck him. After Ulysses had discovered himself to Telemachus and Eumæus, he attacked the suitors, who were ignorant who he was, and killed Antinous among the first. Homer, Odyssey, bks. 1, 16, 17, & 22.—Propertius, bk. 2, poem 5, li. 7.
Antiŏchia, the name of a Syrian province. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 14.——A city of Syria, once the third city of the world for beauty, greatness, and population. It was built by Antiochus and Seleucus Nicanor, partly on a hill and partly in a plain. It has the river Orontes in its neighbourhood, with a celebrated grove called Daphne; whence, for the sake of distinction, it has been called Antiochia near Daphne. Dionysius Periegeta.——A city called also Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, built by Seleucus son of Antiochus.——The capital of Pisidia, 92 miles at the east of Ephesus.——A city on mount Cragus.——Another near the river Tigris, 25 leagues from Seleucia on the west.——Another in Margiana, called Alexandria and Seleucia.——Another near mount Taurus, on the confines of Syria.——Another of Caria, on the river Meander.
Antiŏchis, the name of the mother of Antiochus the son of Seleucus.——A tribe of Athens.
Antiŏchus, surnamed Soter, was son of Seleucus, and king of Syria in Asia. He made a treaty of alliance with Ptolemy Philadelphus king of Egypt. He fell into a lingering disease, which none of his father’s physicians could cure for some time, till it was discovered that his pulse was more irregular than usual when Stratonice his stepmother entered his room, and that love for her was the cause of his illness. This was told to the father, who willingly gave Stratonice to his son, that his immoderate love might not cause his death. He died 291 B.C., after a reign of 19 years. Justin, bk. 17, ch. 2, &c.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 5.—Polybius, bk. 4.—Appian.——The second of that name, surnamed Theos (God) by the Milesians, because he put to death their tyrant Timarchus, was son and successor to Antiochus Soter. He put an end to the war which had been begun with Ptolemy; and, to strengthen the peace, he married Berenice, the daughter of the Ægyptian king. This so offended his former wife Laodice, by whom he had two sons, that she poisoned him, and suborned Artemon, whose features were similar to his, to represent him as king. Artemon, subservient to her will, pretended to be indisposed, and as king, called all the ministers, and recommended to them Seleucus, surnamed Callinicus, son of Laodice, as his successor. After this ridiculous imposture, it was made public that the king had died a natural death, and Laodice placed her son on the throne, and despatched Berenice and her son, 246 years before the christian era. Appian.——The third of that name, surnamed the Great, brother to Seleucus Ceraunus, was king of Syria and Asia, and reigned 36 years. He was defeated by Ptolemy Philopater at Rapeia, after which he made war against Persia, and took Sardes. After the death of Philopater, he endeavoured to crush his infant son Epiphanes: but his guardians solicited the aid of the Romans, and Antiochus was compelled to resign his pretensions. He conquered the greatest part of Greece, of which some cities implored the aid of Rome; and Annibal, who had taken refuge at his court, encouraged him to make war against Italy. He was glad to find himself supported by the abilities of such a general; but his measures were dilatory, and not agreeable to the advice of Annibal, and he was conquered and obliged to retire beyond mount Taurus, and pay a yearly fine of 2000 talents to the Romans. His revenues being unable to pay the fine, he attempted to plunder the temple of Belus in Susiana, which so incensed the inhabitants, that they killed him with his followers, 187 years before the christian era. In his character of king, Antiochus was humane and liberal, the patron of learning, and the friend of merit; and he published an edict, ordering his subjects never to obey except his commands were consistent with the laws of the country. He had three sons, Seleucus Philopater, Antiochus Epiphanes, and Demetrius. The first succeeded him, and the two others were kept as hostages by the Romans. Justin, bks. 31 & 32.—Strabo, bk. 16.—Livy, bk. 34, ch. 59.—Florus, bk. 2, ch. 1.—Appian, Syrian Wars.——The fourth Antiochus, surnamed Epiphanes or Illustrious, was king of Syria, after the death of his brother Seleucus, and reigned 11 years. He destroyed Jerusalem, and was so cruel to the Jews, that they called him Epimanes, or Furious, and not Epiphanes. He attempted to plunder Persepolis without effect. He was of a voracious appetite, and fond of childish diversions; he used for his pleasure to empty bags of money into the streets, to see the people’s eagerness to gather it; he bathed in the public baths with the populace, and was fond of perfuming himself to excess. He invited all the Greeks he could at Antioch, and waited upon them as a servant, and danced with such indecency among the stage players, that even the most dissipate and shameless blushed at the sight. Polybius.—Justin, bk. 34, ch. 3.——The fifth, surnamed Eupator, succeeded his father Epiphanes on the throne of Syria, 164 B.C. He made a peace with the Jews, and in the second year of his reign was assassinated by his uncle Demetrius, who said that the crown was lawfully his own, and that it had been seized from his father. Justin, bk. 34.—Josephus, bk. 12.——The sixth king of Syria was surnamed Entheus or Noble. His father, Alexander Bala, entrusted him to the care of Malcus, an Arabian; and he received the crown from Tryphon, in opposition to his brother Demetrius, whom the people hated. Before he had been a year on the throne, Tryphon murdered him, 143 B.C., and reigned in his place for three years. Josephus, bk. 13.——The seventh, called Sidetes, reigned nine years. In the beginning of his reign he was afraid of Tryphon, and concealed himself, but he soon obtained the means of destroying his enemy. He made war against Phraates king of Parthia, and he fell in the battle which was soon after fought, about 130 years before the christian era. Justin, bk. 36, ch. 1.—Appian, Syrian Wars.——The eighth, surnamed Grypus, from his aquiline nose, was son of Demetrius Nicanor by Cleopatra. His brother Seleucus was destroyed by Cleopatra, and he himself would have shared the same fate, had he not discovered his mother’s artifice, and compelled her to drink the poison which was prepared for himself. He killed Alexander Zebina, whom Ptolemy had set to oppose him on the throne of Syria, and was at last assassinated, B.C. 112, after a reign of 11 years. Justin, bk. 39, &c.—Josephus.—Appian.——The ninth, surnamed Cyzenicus, from the city of Cyzicus, where he received his education, was son of Antiochus Sidetes by Cleopatra. He disputed the kingdom with his brother Grypus, who ceded to him Cœlosyria, part of his patrimony, He was at last conquered by his nephew Seleucus near Antioch, and rather than to continue longer in his hands, he killed himself, B.C. 93. While a private man, he seemed worthy to reign; but when on the throne, he was dissolute and tyrannical. He was fond of mechanics, and invented some useful military engines. Appian.—Josephus.——The tenth was ironically surnamed Pius, because he married Selena, the wife of his father and of his uncle. He was the son of Antiochus IX., and he expelled Seleucus the son of Grypus from Syria, and was killed in a battle which he fought against the Parthians, in the cause of the Galatians. Josephus.—Appian. After his death the kingdom of Syria was torn to pieces by the faction of the royal family, or usurpers, who, under a good or false title, under the name of Antiochus or his relations, established themselves for a little time as sovereigns either of Syria, or Damascus, or other dependent provinces. At last Antiochus, surnamed Asiaticus, the son of Antiochus IX., was restored to his paternal throne by the influence of Lucullus the Roman general, on the expulsion of Tigranes king of Armenia from the Syrian dominions; but four years after, Pompey deposed him, and observed, that he who had hid himself while a usurper sat upon his throne, ought not to be a king. From that time, B.C. 65, Syria became a Roman province, and the race of Antiochus was extinguished. Justin, bk. 40.——A philosopher of Ascalon, famous for his writings, and the respect with which he was treated by his pupils, Lucullus, Cicero, and Brutus.—Plutarch, Lucullus.——An historian of Syracuse, son of Xenophanes, who wrote, besides other works, a history of Sicily, in nine books, in which he began at the age of king Cocalus. Strabo.—Diodorus, bk. 12.——A rich king, tributary to the Romans in the age of Vespasian. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 2, ch. 81.——A sophist who refused to take upon himself the government of a state, on account of the vehemence of his passions.——A king conquered by Antony, &c. Cæsar, bk. 3, Civil War, bk. 4.——A king of Messenia. Pausanias, bk. 4.——A commander of the Athenian fleet, under Alcibiades, conquered by Lysander. Xenophon, Hellenica.——A writer of Alexandria, who published a treatise on comic poets. Athenæus.——A sceptic of Laodicea. Diogenes Laërtius, Pyrrhus.——A learned sophist. Philostratus.——A servant of Atticus. Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 3, ltr. 33.——A hair-dresser mentioned by Martial, bk. 11, ltr. 85.——A son of Hercules by Medea. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 7.——A stage player. Juvenal, satire 3, li. 98.——A sculptor, said to have made the famous statue of Pallas, preserved in the Ludovisi gardens at Rome.