Antiŏpe, a daughter of Nycteus king of Thebes by Polyxo, was beloved by Jupiter, who, to deceive her, changed himself into a satyr. She became pregnant, and, to avoid the resentment of her father, she fled to mount Cithæron, where she brought forth twins, Amphion and Zethus. She exposed them, to prevent discovery, but they were preserved. After this she fled to Epopeus king of Sicyon, who married her. Some say that Epopeus carried her away, for which action Nycteus made war against him, and at his death left his crown to his brother Lycus, entreating him to continue the war, and punish the ravisher of his daughter. Lycus obeyed his injunctions, killed Epopeus, and recovered Antiope, whom he loved and married, though his niece. His first wife, Dirce, was jealous of his new connection; she prevailed upon her husband, and Antiope was delivered into her hands, and confined in a prison, where she was daily tormented. Antiope, after many years’ imprisonment, obtained means to escape, and went after her sons, who undertook to avenge her wrongs upon Lycus and his wife Dirce. They took Thebes, put the king to death, and tied Dirce to the tail of a wild bull, which dragged her till she died. Bacchus changed her into a fountain, and deprived Antiope of the use of her senses. In this forlorn situation she wandered all over Greece, and at last found relief from Phocus son of Ornytion, who cured her of her disorder, and married her. Hyginus, fable 7, says that Antiope was divorced by Lycus, because she had been ravished by Epopeus, whom he calls Epaphus, and that after her repudiation she became pregnant by Jupiter. Meanwhile Lycus married Dirce, who suspected that her husband still kept the company of Antiope, upon which she imprisoned her. Antiope, however, escaped from her confinement, and brought forth on mount Cithæron. Some authors have called her daughter of Asopus, because she was born on the banks of that river. The Scholiast on Apollonius, bk. 1, li. 735, maintains that there were two persons of the name, one the daughter of Nycteus, and the other of Asopus and mother of Amphion and Zethus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 6; bk. 9, ch. 17.—Ovid, bk. 6, Metamorphoses, li. 110.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 5.—Propertius, bk. 3, poem 15.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 11, li. 259.—Hyginus, fables 7, 8, & 155.——A daughter of Thespius or Thestius, mother of Alopius by Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 7.——A daughter of Mars, queen of the Amazons, taken prisoner by Hercules, and given in marriage to Theseus. She is also called Hippolyte. See: [Hippolyte].——A daughter of Æolus, mother of Bœotus and Hellen by Neptune. Hyginus, fable 157.——A daughter of Pilon, who married Eurytus. Hippolyte, fable 14.
Antiōrus, a son of Lycurgus. Plutarch, Lycurgus.
Antipăros, a small island in the Ægean sea, opposite Paros, from which it is about six miles distant.
Antipăter, son of Iolaus, was soldier under king Philip, and raised to the rank of a general under Alexander the Great. When Alexander went to invade Asia, he left Antipater supreme governor of Macedonia, and of all Greece. Antipater exerted himself in the cause of his king; he made war against Sparta, and was soon after called into Persia with a reinforcement by Alexander. He has been suspected of giving poison to Alexander, to raise himself to power. After Alexander’s death his generals divided the empire among themselves, and Macedonia was allotted to Antipater. The wars which Greece, and chiefly Athens, meditated under Alexander’s life, now burst forth with uncommon fury as soon as the news of his death was received. The Athenians levied an army of 30,000 men, and equipped 200 ships against Antipater, who was master of Macedonia. Their expedition was attended with much success; Antipater was routed in Thessaly, and even besieged in the town of Lamia. But when Leosthenes the Athenian general was mortally wounded under the walls of Lamia, the fortune of the war was changed. Antipater obliged the enemy to raise the siege, and soon after received a reinforcement from Craterus, from Asia, with which he conquered the Athenians at Cranon in Thessaly. After this defeat Antipater and Craterus marched into Bœotia, and conquered the Ætolians, and granted peace to the Athenians, on the conditions which Leosthenes had proposed to Antipater when besieged in Lamia, i.e. that he should be absolute master over them. Besides this, he demanded from their ambassadors, Demades, Phocion, and Xenocrates, that they should deliver into his hands the orators Demosthenes and Hyperides, whose eloquence had inflamed the minds of their countrymen, and had been the primary causes of the war. The conditions were accepted, a Macedonian garrison was stationed in Athens, but the inhabitants still were permitted the free use of their laws and privileges. Antipater and Craterus were the first who made hostile preparations against Perdiccas; and during that time Polyperchon was appointed over Macedonia. Polyperchon defeated the Ætolians, who made an invasion upon Macedonia. Antipater gave assistance to Eumenes in Asia against Antigonus, according to Justin, bk. 14, ch. 2. At his death, B.C. 319, Antipater appointed Polyperchon master of all his possessions; and as he was the oldest of all the generals and successors of Alexander, he recommended that he might be the supreme ruler in their councils, that everything might be done according to his judgment. As for his son Cassander, he left him in a subordinate station under Polyperchon. But Cassander was of too aspiring a disposition tamely to obey his father’s injunctions. He recovered Macedonia, and made himself absolute. Curtius, bks. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 10.—Justin, bks. 11, 12, 13, &c.—Diodorus, bks. 17, 18, &c.—Cornelius Nepos, Phocion & Eumenes.—Plutarch, Eumenes, Alexander, &c.——A son of Cassander king of Macedonia, and son-in-law of Lysimachus. He killed his mother, because she wished his brother Alexander to succeed to the throne. Alexander, to revenge the death of his mother, solicited the assistance of Demetrius; but peace was re-established between the two brothers by the advice of Lysimachus, and soon after Demetrius killed Antipater, and made himself king of Macedonia, 294 B.C. Justin, bk. 26, ch. 1.——A king of Macedonia, who reigned only 45 days, 277 B.C.——A king of Cilicia.——A powerful prince, father to Herod. He was appointed governor of Judæa by Cæsar, whom he had assisted in the Alexandrine war. Josephus.——An Athenian archon.——One of Alexander’s soldiers, who conspired against his life with Hermolaus. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 6.——A celebrated sophist of Hieropolis, preceptor to the children of the emperor Severus.——A Stoic philosopher of Tarsus, 144 years B.C.——A poet of Sidon, who could compose a number of verses extempore, upon any subject. He ranked Sappho among the Muses, in one of his epigrams. He had a fever every year on the day of his birth, of which at last he died. He flourished about 80 years B.C. Some of his epigrams are preserved in the Anthologia. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 51.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 1, ch. 10.—Cicero, On Oratory, bk. 3; de Officiis, bk. 3; De Quæstiones Academicæ, bk. 4.——A philosopher of Phœnicia, preceptor to Cato of Utica. Plutarch, Cato.——A Stoic philosopher, disciple of Diogenes of Babylon. He wrote two books on divination, and died at Athens. Cicero, de Divinatione, bk. 1, ch. 3; Quæstiones Academicæ, bk. 4, ch. 6; de Officiis, bk. 3, ch. 12.——A disciple of Aristotle, who wrote two books of letters.——A poet of Thessalonica, in the age of Augustus.
Antipatria, a city of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 31, ch. 27.
Antipatrĭdas, a governor of Telmessus. Polyænus, bk. 5.
Antipătris, a city of Palestine.
Antiphănes, an ingenious statuary of Argos. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 17.——A comic poet of Rhodes, or rather of Smyrna, who wrote above 90 comedies, and died in the 74th year of his age, by the fall of an apple upon his head.——A physician of Delos, who used to say that diseases originated from the variety of food that was eaten. Clement of Alexandria.—Athenæus.
Antiphătes, a king of the Læstrygones, descended from Lamus, who founded Formiæ. Ulysses returning from Troy, came upon his coasts, and sent three men to examine the country. Antiphates devoured one of them, and pursued the others, and sunk the fleet of Ulysses with stones, except the ship in which Ulysses was. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 232.——A son of Sarpedon. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 696.——The grandfather of Amphiaraus. Homer, Odyssey.——A man killed in the Trojan war by Leonteus. Homer, Iliad, bk. 12, li. 191.
Antiphĭli Portus, a harbour on the African side of the Red sea. Strabo, bk. 16.