Calligētus, a man of Megara, received in his banishment by Pharnabazus. Thucydides, bk. 8, ch. 6.
Callĭmăchus, an historian and poet of Cyrene, son of Battus and Mesatma, and pupil to Hermocrates the grammarian. He had, in the age of Ptolemy Philadelphus, kept a school at Alexandria, and had Apollonius of Rhodes among his pupils, whose ingratitude obliged Callimachus to lash him severely in a satirical poem, under the name of Ibis. See: [Apollonius]. The Ibis of Ovid is in imitation of this piece. He wrote a work, in 120 books, on famous men, besides treatises on birds; but of all his numerous compositions, only 31 epigrams, an elegy, and some hymns on the gods, are extant; the best editions of which are that of Ernestus, 2 vols., 8vo, Leiden, 1761, and that of Vulcanius, 12mo, Antwerp, 1584. Propertius styled himself the Roman Callimachus. The precise time of his death, as well as of his birth, is unknown. Propertius, bk. 4, poem 1, li. 65.—Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputations, bk. 1, ch. 84.—Horace, bk. 2, ltr. 2, li. 109.—Quintilian, bk. 10, ch. 1.——An Athenian general killed in the battle of Marathon. His body was found in an erect posture, all covered with wounds. Plutarch.——A Colophonian, who wrote the life of Homer. Plutarch.
Callimĕdon, a partisan of Phocion, at Athens, condemned by the populace.
Callimĕles, a youth ordered to be killed and served up as meat by Apollodorus of Cassandrea. Polyænus, bk. 6, ch. 7.
Callinus, an orator, who is said to have first invented elegiac poetry, B.C. 776. Some of his verses are to be found in Stobæus. Athenæus.—Strabo, bk. 13.
Calliŏpe, one of the Muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, who presided over eloquence and heroic poetry. She is said to be the mother of Orpheus by Apollo, and Horace supposes her able to play on any musical instrument. She was represented with a trumpet in her right hand, and with books in the other, which signified that her office was to take notice of the famous actions of heroes, as Clio was employed in celebrating them; and she held the three most famous epic poems of antiquity, and appeared generally crowned with laurels. She settled the dispute between Venus and Proserpine, concerning Adonis, whose company these two goddesses wished both perpetually to enjoy. Hesiod, Theogony.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 3.—Horace, Odes.
Callipatīra, daughter of Diagoras and wife of Callianax the athlete, went disguised in man’s clothes with her son Pisidorus to the Olympic games. When Pisidorus was declared victor, she discovered her sex through excess of joy, and was arrested, as women were not permitted to appear there on pain of death. The victory of her son obtained her release; and a law was instantly made, which forbade any wrestlers to appear but naked. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 6; bk. 6, ch. 7.
Callĭphon, a painter of Samos, famous for his historical pieces. Pliny, bk. 10, ch. 26.——A philosopher who made the summum bonum consist in pleasure joined to the love of honesty. This system was opposed by Cicero. Academic Questions, bk. 4, chs. 131 & 139; De Officiis, bk. 3, ch. 119.
Callĭphron, a celebrated dancing master, who had Epaminondas among his pupils. Cornelius Nepos, Epaminondas.
Callipĭdæ, a people of Scythia. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 17.