Callipŏlis, a city of Thrace on the Hellespont. Silius Italicus, bk. 14, li. 250.——A town of Sicily near Ætna.——A city of Calabria on the coast of Tarentum, on a rocky island, joined by a bridge to the continent. It is now called Gallipoli, and contains 6000 inhabitants, who trade in oil and cotton.
Callĭpus, or Calippus, an Athenian, disciple to Plato. He destroyed Dion, &c. See: [Callicrates]. Cornelius Nepos, Dion.——A Corinthian, who wrote a history of Orchomenos. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 20.——A philosopher. Diogenes Laërtius, Zeno.——A general of the Athenians, when the Gauls invaded Greece by Thermopylæ. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 3.
Callipyges, a surname of Venus.
Callirhoe, a daughter of the Scamander, who married Tros, by whom she had Ilus, Ganymede, and Assaracus.——A fountain of Attica where Callirhoe killed herself. See: [Coresus]. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 21.—Statius, bk. 12, Thebiad, li. 629.——A daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, mother of Echidna, Orthus, and Cerberus by Chrysaor. Hesiod.——A daughter of Lycus tyrant of Libya, who kindly received Diomedes at his return from Troy. He abandoned her, upon which she killed herself.——A daughter of the Achelous, who married Alcmæon. See: [Alcmæon]. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 24.——A daughter of Phocus the Bœotian, whose beauty procured her many admirers. Her father behaved with such coldness to her lovers that they murdered him. Callirhoe avenged his death with the assistance of the Bœotians. Plutarch, Amatoriæ narrationes.——A daughter of Piras and Niobe. Hyginus, fable 145.
Calliste, an island of the Ægean sea, called afterwards Thera. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Its chief town was founded 1150 years before the christian era, by Theras.
Callisteia, a festival at Lesbos, during which all the women presented themselves in the temple of Juno, and the fairest was rewarded in a public manner. There was also an institution of the same kind among the Parrhasians, first made by Cypselus, whose wife was honoured with the first prize. The Eleans had one also, in which the fairest man received as a prize a complete suit of armour, which he dedicated to Minerva.
Callisthĕnes, a Greek who wrote a history of his own country in 10 books, beginning from the peace between Artaxerxes and Greece, down to the plundering of the temple of Delphi by Philomelus. Diodorus, bk. 14.——A man who with others attempted to expel the garrison of Demetrius from Athens. Polyænus, bk. 5, ch. 17.——A philosopher of Olynthus, intimate with Alexander, whom he accompanied in his oriental expedition in the capacity of a preceptor, and to whom he had been recommended by his friend and master Aristotle. He refused to pay divine honours to the king, for which he was accused of conspiracy, mutilated and exposed to wild beasts, dragged about in chains, till Lysimachus gave him poison, which ended together his tortures and his life, B.C. 328. None of his compositions are extant. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 6.—Plutarch, Alexander.—Arrian, bk. 4.—Justin, bk. 12, chs. 6 & 7.——A writer of Sybaris.——A freedman of Lucullus. It is said that he gave poison to his master. Plutarch, Lucullus.
Callisto and Calisto, called also Helice, was daughter of Lycaon king of Arcadia, and one of Diana’s attendants. Jupiter saw her, and seduced her after he had assumed the shape of Diana. Her pregnancy was discovered as she bathed with Diana; and the fruit of her amour with Jupiter called Arcas, was hid in the woods and preserved. Juno, who was jealous of Jupiter, changed Calisto into a bear; but the god, apprehensive of her being hurt by the huntsmen, made her a constellation of heaven, with her son Arcas, under the name of the bear. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, fable 4, &c.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 8.—Hyginus, fable 176 & 177.—Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 3.
Callistonicus, a celebrated statuary at Thebes. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 16.
Callistrătus, an Athenian, appointed general with Timotheus and Chabrias against Lacedæmon. Diodorus, bk. 15.——An orator of Aphidna, in the time of Epaminondas, the most eloquent of his age.——An Athenian orator with whom Demosthenes made an intimate acquaintance after he had heard him plead. Xenophon.——A Greek historian praised by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.——A comic poet, rival of Aristophanes.——A statuary. Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 8.——A secretary of Mithridates. Plutarch, Lucullus.——A grammarian, who made the alphabet of the Samians consist of 24 letters. Some suppose that he wrote a treatise on courtesans.