Callixĕna, a courtesan of Thessaly, whose company Alexander refused, though requested by his mother Olympias. This was attributed by the Athenians to other causes than chastity, and therefore the prince’s ambition was ridiculed.
Callixĕnus, a general who perished by famine.——An Athenian imprisoned for passing sentence of death upon some prisoners. Diodorus, bk. 13.
Calon, a statuary. Quintilian, bk. 12, ch. 10.—Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 8.
Calor, now Calore, a river in Italy near Beneventum. Livy, bk. 24, ch. 14.
Calpe, a lofty mountain in the most southern parts of Spain, opposite to mount Abyla on the African coast. These two mountains were called the pillars of Hercules. Calpe is now called Gibraltar.
Calphurnia, a daughter of Lucius Piso, who was Julius Cæsar’s fourth wife. The night previous to her husband’s murder, she dreamed that the roof of her house had fallen, and that he had been stabbed in her arms; and on that account she attempted, but in vain, to detain him at home. After Cæsar’s murder she placed herself under the patronage of Marcus Antony. Suetonius, Julius.
Calphurnius Bestia, a noble Roman bribed by Jugurtha. It is said that he murdered his wives when asleep. Pliny, bk. 27, ch. 2.——Crassus, a patrician who went with Regulus against the Massyli. He was seized by the enemy as he attempted to plunder one of their towns, and he was ordered to be sacrificed to Neptune. Bisaltia the king’s daughter fell in love with him, and gave him an opportunity of escaping and conquering her father. Calphurnius returned victorious, and Bisaltia destroyed herself.——A man who conspired against the emperor Nerva.——Galerianus, son of Piso, put to death, &c. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 4, ch. 11.——Piso, condemned for using seditious words against Tiberius. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 4, ch. 21.——Another, famous for his abstinence. Valerius Maximus, bk. 4, ch. 3.——Titus, a Latin poet, born in Sicily in the age of Diocletian, seven of whose eclogues are extant, and generally found with the works of the poets who have written on hunting. Though abounding in many beautiful lines, they are, however, greatly inferior to the elegance and simplicity of Virgil. The best edition is that of Kempher, 4to, Leiden, 1728.——A man surnamed Frugi, who composed annals, B.C. 130.
Calpurnia, or Calphurnia, a noble family in Rome, derived from Calpus son of Numa. It branched into the families of the Pisones, Bibuli, Flammæ, Cæsennini, Asprenates, &c. [♦]Plutarch, Numa.
[♦] ‘Pliny’ replaced with ‘Plutarch’
Calpurnia and Calphurnia lex, was enacted A.U.C. 604, severely to punish such as were guilty of using bribes, &c. Cicero, De Officiis, bk. 2.——A daughter of Marius, sacrificed to the gods by her father, who was advised to do it, in a dream, if he wished to conquer the Cimbri. Plutarch, Parallela minora.——A woman who killed herself when she heard that her husband was murdered in the civil wars of Marius. Paterculus, bk. 2, ch. 26.——The wife of Julius Cæsar. See: [Calphurnia].——A favourite of the emperor Claudius, &c. Tacitus, Annals.——A woman ruined by Agrippina on account of her beauty, &c. Tacitus.