Anaxandrĭdes, son of Leon and father to Cleomenes I. and Leonidas, was king of Sparta. By the order of the Ephori, he divorced his wife, of whom he was extremely fond, on account of her barrenness; and he was the first Lacedæmonian who had two wives. Herodotus, bks. 1, 5, & 7.—Plutarch, Apophthegmata Laconica, bk. 1.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 3, &c.——A son of Theopompus. Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 131.——A comic poet of Rhodes in the age of Philip and Alexander. He was the first poet who introduced intrigues and rapes upon the stage. He was of such a passionate disposition, that he tore to pieces all his compositions which met with no success. He composed about 100 plays, of which 10 obtained the prize. Some fragments of his poetry remain in Athenæus. He was starved to death by order of the Athenians, for satirizing their government. Aristotle, bk. 3, Rhetoric.
Anaxarchus, a philosopher of Abdera, one of the followers of Democritus, and the friend of Alexander. When the monarch had been wounded in a battle, the philosopher pointed to the place, adding, “That is human blood, and not the blood of a god.” The freedom of Anaxarchus offended Nicocreon, and after Alexander’s death, the tyrant, in revenge, seized the philosopher, and pounded him in a stone mortar with iron hammers. He bore this with much resignation, and exclaimed, “Pound the body of Anaxarchus, for thou dost not pound his soul.” Upon this Nicocreon threatened to cut his tongue, and Anaxarchus bit it off with his teeth, and spit it out into the tyrant’s face. Ovid, Ibis, li. 571.—Plutarch, Convivium Septem Sapientium, ch. 7.—Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers.—Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 2, ch. 22.——A Theban general. Thucydides, bk. 8, ch. 100.
Anaxarĕte, a girl of Salamis, who so arrogantly despised the addresses of Iphis, a youth of ignoble birth, that the lover hung himself at her door. She saw this sad spectacle without emotion or pity, and was changed into a stone. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 748.
Anaxēnor, a musician, whom Marcus Antony greatly honoured, and presented with the tribute of four cities. Strabo, bk. 14.
Anaxias, a Theban general. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 22.
Anaxibia, a sister of Agamemnon, mother of seven sons and two daughters by Nestor. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 29.——A daughter of Bias, brother to the physician Melampus. She married Pelias king of Iolchos, by whom she had Acastus and four daughters—Pisidice, Pelopea, Hippothoe, and Alceste. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.——She is called daughter of Dymas by Hyginus, fable 14.
Anaxicrătes, an Athenian archon. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 23.
Anaxidămus, succeeded his father Zeuxidamus on the throne of Sparta. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 7; bk. 4, ch. 15.
Anaxĭlas and Anaxĭlaus, a Messenian, tyrant of Rhegium. He took Zancle, and was so mild and popular during his reign, that when he died, 476 B.C., he left his infant sons to the care of one of his servants, and the citizens chose rather to obey a slave than revolt from their benevolent sovereign’s children. Justin, bk. 3, ch. 2.—Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 23; bk. 5, ch. 27.—Thucydides, bk. 6, ch. 5.—Herodotus, bk. 6, ch. 23; bk. 7, ch. 167.——A magician of Larissa, banished from Italy by Augustus.——A Pythagorean philosopher.——A physician. Pliny, bk. 19, ch. 1.——An historian, who began his history with bitter invectives against former writers. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.——A Lacedæmonian. Plutarch, Alcibiades.——A comic writer, about the 100th Olympiad.
Anaxilĭdes, wrote some treatises concerning philosophers, and mentioned that Plato’s mother became pregnant by a phantom of the god Apollo, from which circumstance her son was called the prince of wisdom. Diogenes Laërtius, Plutarch.