Infinitive Mood and Participles
The infinitive mood gives the action of the verb substantively as we use the participle in seeing is a good thing, but in Greek, as in Latin, always the infinitive, as καλὸν τὸ ὁρᾶν, and declined with the article like a noun, through all the cases, of course neuter, as the gender does not lie in the action, but in the actor. Its normal ending in the active voice is ειν, as in the present βάλλειν, to throw, and second aorist βαλεῖν; but in first aorist its termination is αι, as κόψαι, from κόπτω. Pure verbs follow their vowel, as τῑμᾶν, to honour; φιλεῖν, to love.
Like substantives, verbal infinitives are governed by prepositions through all the cases, as περί, about; παρά, from beside; μετά, with; ἐν, in, and εἰς into—as περὶ τοῦ καπνίζειν λέγω μέτρον ἄριστον, about smoking I say moderation is best.
Participles are verbal adjectives declined as such, and signifying the quality or accident of a certain state of being or action belonging to an agent.
The participles of the present and of the second aorist are declined in masculine and neuter according to the type of the second declension, in feminine according to the first, as—
| τύπτων, | τύπτουσα, | τύπτον, | he, she, or it |  | striking |
| τύπτ-οντος, | ούσης, | οντος, | of him, her, or it | ||
| οντι, | ούσῃ, | οντι, | to him, her, or it |
The first aorist participle bears the type of the third declension, as in γίγας, γίγαντος, a giant—so ποιήσας, having made; feminine ποιήσᾱσα, neuter ποιῆσαν.
| genitive, | -αντος | -ᾱσης | -αντος. |
| dative, | -αντι | -ᾱσῃ | -αντι. |
| objective, | -αντα | -ᾱσαν | -αν. |
Pure verbs have a long vowel or diphthong: thus, from
| περιπατέω | περιπατῶν | περιπατοῦντος |
| τιμάω | τιμῶν | τιμῶντος |