The Glaciers of the Alps / Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related

by John Tyndall

INDEX.

• Æggischhorn, [100], [105].
• Agassiz on glacier motion, [270], [310].
• Air-bubbles, [359], [376].
• Aletsch Glacier, [101].
  — —, bedding and structure observed on, [120], [391].
• Aletschhorn, cloud iridescences on, [100], [238].
• Allalein Glacier, [162].
• Alpine climbers, suggestions to, [169].
• Alps, winter temperature of, [168].
• Altmann's theory of glacier motion, [296].
• Ancient glaciers, action of, [99], [141].
• Arveiron, arch of, [38], [217].
• Atmosphere, permeability of, to radiant heat, [105], [243]-[247].
• Atmospheric refraction, [35].
• Avalanche at Saas, [164].
  —, sound of, explained, [12], [14].

• Bakewell, Mr., on motion of Glacier des Bossons, [337].
• Balmat, Auguste, [169], [188].
• Bedding, lines of, [391].
• Bennen, Johann Joseph, [104], [118].
• Bergschrund, [98], [325].
• "Blower," glacier, [87].
• Blue colour of ice, [256].
  — — — snow, [29], [83], [132], [203].
  — — — water, [33], [253], [259]-[262].
• Blueness of sky, [22], [174], [257]-[261].
• Blue veins, [376], [381].
• Boiling-point, influence of pressure on, [408].
  — — at different altitudes, [105], [106], [113], [120], [129], [175], [190].
• Bois, Glacier des, [39], [275], [368].
• Brévent, ascent of, [172].
• Brocken, Spirit of the, [22], [238].
• [Bubbles], in ice, [44], [147], [359], [425].
  — in snow, [18], [251].

• Capillaries of glacier, [335]-[339].
• Cave of ice, [135].
• Cavities in ice, [163], [356], [424].
• Cells in ice, [147], see [Bubbles].
• Chamouni, [37].
  —, difficulties at, [170], [192].
  — in winter, [198], [336].
• Charmoz, view from, [45], [68], [368].
• Charpentier's theory of glacier motion, [296].
• Chemical action, rays producing, [240].
• Chromatic effects, [235].
• [Cleavage], [406].
  — and stratification distinct, [2], [390], [431].
  — caused by pressure, [6], [436].
  —, contortions of, [9], [59].
  — of crystals and slate rocks, lecture on, [427].
  — of glaciers, [26], [393], [425]-[426].
  — — ice, [352], [407].
  — — slate, &c., [1], [430].
• "Cleft station," the, [47], [369].
• Clouds, formation and dissipation of, [22], [97], [137], [146].
  —, iridescent, [100], [105], [147], [154], [238].
  — on Mont Blanc, [82].
  — on Monte Rosa, [124].
  —, winter, at Montanvert, [208].
• Colour answers to pitch, [227].
• Colours of sky, [257].
  —, subjective, [37].
• Comet, discovery of, [186].
• Compass affected by rocks, [140].
• Crepitation of glaciers, [44], [357].
• Crevasses, [315]
  (marginal, [318];
  transverse, [320];
  longitudinal, [322]), [424].
  —, first opening of, [317], [327].
• Crumples in ice, [174], [415], [419].
• Crystallization of ice, [353].
• Crystals, cleavage of, [3], [428].
  — of snow, [130], [205], [212].

• Deafness, artificial, [167].
• Differential motion, [395].
  — —, Dr. Whewell on, [396].
• Diffraction, explanation of, [237].
• Dirt-bands, [45], [46], [68], [95], [367], [373].
  — —, maps of, [367], [368], [369].
  — —, Forbes on, [371].
  — —, source of, [369], [425].
• Disks in ice, planes of, [163], [358], [425].
• Dollfuss, M., hut of, [18], [112].
• Dôme du Goûter, [68], [75].
• Donny, M., on cohesion of liquids, [355].

• Echoes, theory of, [15].
• Eismeer, the, [13], [362].
• Expedition of 1856, Oberland and Tyrol, [9]-[32].
  — — 1857, Montanvert and Mer de Glace, [33]-[91].
  — — 1858, Oberland, Valais, and Monte Rosa district, [92]-[192].
  — — 1859, winter, Chamouni, and Mer de Glace, [195]-[219].

• Faraday, Prof., on Regelation, [351].
• Faulberg, cave of, [107].
• Fée, glacier of, [165].
• Fend, [32].
• Finsteraarhorn, [104], [110].
  —, summit of, [112].
• Flowers, liquid, in ice, [147], [354]-[358], [424].
• Forbes, Prof., comparison of glacier to river, [306], [308].
  — —, on glacier motion, [272], [304], [308].
  — —, on magnetism of rocks, [145].
  — —, on veined structure, [379].
  — —, viscous theory, [311], [327], [333], [335].
• Freezing, planes of, [163], [358], [424].
• Frost-bites, [191].
• Frozen flowers, [130], [212].
• Furgge glacier, structure crossing strata on, [160], [392]-[394].

• Gases, passage of heat through, [243].
• Géant, Col du, [50], [173].
• [Géant], glacier du, [53]-[57], [280], [369]-[373].
  —, measurements on, [419]-[421].
  —, motion of, [281], [286].
  —, white ice seams of, [56], [413].
• Gebatsch Alp, [23].
  —, glacier of, [24], [26].
• Geneva, Lake of, [33], [259]-[262].
• Glaciers, ancient, action of, [99], [163].
  — "blower," [87].
  —, capillaries of, [335]-[339].
  —, crepitation of, [44], [357].
  — d'écoulement, [301].
  — de Léchaud, see [Léchaud].
  — des Bois, [39], [275], [368].
  — du Géant, see [Géant].
  — du Talèfre, see [Talèfre].
  —, groovings on, [20], [56], [377].
  —, measurement of, [276].
  — motion, [52], [269]-[295], [422].
  — —, earlier theories of, [296]-[314].
  — —, pressure theory of, [346].
  —, origin of, [248]-[252].
  — réservoirs, [301].
  —, ridges on, [42], [55].
  —, structure of, [136], [148], see [Veined structure].
  — tables, [44], [265].
  —, veins of, [54], [376], [381].
  —, wrinkles on, [370].
• Goethe's theory of colours, [258].
• Görner glacier, [120], [138].
• Görner grat, [137], [145].
• Görnerhorn glacier, [147], [149].
• Grand Plateau, [187].
• Grands Mulets, [73], [185].
• Graun, [29].
• Grimsel, the, [18], [99].
• Grindelwald, lower glacier of, [13], [92], [321], [384].
• Groovings on glaciers, [20], [56], [377].
• Grüner's theory of glacier motion, [296].
• Guides of Chamouni, rules of, [60], [170], [192].
  — lost in crevasse, [76].
• Guyot, M., on veined structure, [378].

• Hailstones, conical, [31].
  —, spherical, [65].
• Handeck, waterfall of, [17].
• Hasli, valley of, [17], [99].
• Heat and light, [223], [239], [241].
  — — work, [328].
  —, luminous, [241]-[247].
  —, mechanical equivalent of, [329].
  —, obscure, [240].
  —, passage through gases, [243]-[245].
  —, radiant, [239].
  — —, permeability of atmosphere to, [105], [243]-[247].
  —, radiated, [242].
  —, specific, [331].
• Heisse Platte, the, [13].
• Hirst, Mr., measurements on Mer de Glace, [38], [46], [275], [283], [289], [313], [420].
• Hochjoch, [32].
• Höchste Spitze of Monte Rosa, [128].
• Hopkins, Mr., on crevasses, [318], [383].
• Hôtel des Neufchâtelois, [19], [112], [270].
• Hugi on glacier motion, [270].
• Huxley, Mr., on glacier capillaries, [338].
  — —, on water-cells, [251], [359].
• Hydrogen, effect on rays, [253].

• Ice, blue colour of, [256].
  — cascades, [94], [384], [391].
  — cave, [135].
  — cells, [147], see [Bubbles].
  — cones, [266].
  —, cracking of, [317], [326].
  —, crystallization of, [353].
  —, effects of pressure on, [405], [409].
  —, experiments on, [346].
  —, friability of, [333].
  —, liquefaction of, [353], [408].
  —, liquid flowers in, [354]-[358], [424].
  —, Thomson's theory of plasticity of, [340].
  —, softening of, [333].
  —, structure of, [136], [148].
  —, temperature of, [241], [332].
  —, white, seams of, [56], [413], [421].
• Illumination of trees, &c., at sunrise and sunset, [178], [238].
• Interference rings, [229].
  — spectra, [76], [178], [235], [238].
• Iridescent clouds, [100], [105], [147], [154], [238].