European Progress in the Acquisition of exact Knowledge.—Its Resemblance to that of Greece.

Discoveries respecting the Air.—Its mechanical and chemical Properties.—Its Relation to Animals and Plants.—The Winds.—Meteorology.—Sounds.—Acoustic Phenomena.

Discoveries respecting the Ocean.—Physical and chemical Phenomena.—Tides and Currents.—Clouds.—Decomposition of Water.

Discoveries respecting other material Substances.—Progress of Chemistry.

Discoveries respecting Electricity, Magnetism, Light, Heat.

Mechanical Philosophy and Inventions.—Physical Instruments.—The Result illustrated by the Cotton Manufacture—Steam-engine—Bleaching—Canals—Railways.—Improvements in the Construction of Machinery.—Social Changes produced.—Its Effect on intellectual Activity.

The scientific Contributions of various Nations, and especially of Italy.

[CHAPTER XII.]

CONCLUSION—THE FUTURE OF EUROPE.

Summary of the Argument presented in this Book respecting the mental Progress of Europe.