FIG. 13.—Same skull as Fig. [12], profile view.
TABLE OF ORBITAL INDICES.
(Crania of both Sexes together; series of more than 10 subjects.)
| No. of Crania. | Ethnic Groups. | Orbital Index. | Observer. | |
| MICROSEMES. | ||||
| 49 | New Caledonians | 80.6 | Broca. | |
| 14 | Tasmanians | 80.8 | Flower. | |
| 101 | Australians | 81.5 | Fl., Tur., C.E.[62] | |
| 22 | Kaffirs | 83 | Broca. | |
| 21 | Bushmen | 83 | Turner. | |
| 16 | Hottentots | 83.9 | } | Broca, Hamy. |
| 53 | Spanish Basques of Zaraus | 83.6 | ||
| MESOSEMES (84 89). | ||||
| 23 | Papuans of the Northwest (Rubi) | 84 | C.E. | |
| 20 | Ruck Islanders (Carolines) | 84.1 | Virchow. | |
| 11 | Croats | 84.3 | Broca. | |
| 20 | Papuans in general | 84.4 | Broca. | |
| 13 | Botocudos | 84.7 | Rey. | |
| 68 | Melanesians | 85.1 | Flower. | |
| 132 | Ainus | 85.2 | Koganei. | |
| 20 | Negroes of Kordofan | 85.1 | Broca. | |
| 84 | Western Negroes | 85.4 | Broca. | |
| 96 | Papuans of the N. W. (Kordo) | 85.8 | C.E. | |
| 11 | Natives of Admiralty Islands | 86 | Turner. | |
| 43 | Negroes | 86.3 | Flower. | |
| 80 | Auvergnats | 86.5 | Broca. | |
| 11 | Vitians (Fiji) | 87 | Flower. | |
| 18 | Maori | 87 | Turner. | |
| 208 | Various Europeans | 87 | Flower. | |
| 48 | Fuegians | 87.5 | Mantegazza, Hya., Den. | |
| 31 | Japanese | 88 | Baelz. | |
| 63 | Southern Bretons | 88.1 | Broca. | |
| 19 | Eskimo | 88.2 | Broca. | |
| 33 | English | 88.4 | Flower. | |
| 43 | Veddahs | 88.5 | Sarasin, Fl. | |
| 28 | Corsicans | 88.6 | Broca. | |
| 26 | Kabyles | 88.9 | Broca. | |
| 16 | Hindus | 89.2 | Flower. | |
| 11 | Bugis of Mangkassar | 89.2 | C.E. | |
| 28 | Berbers | 89.5 | C.E. | |
| 28 | Arabs | 89.5 | Ten Kate. | |
| 11 | Dyaks | 89.8 | C.E. | |
| 19 | Javanese | 89.5 | C.E. | |
| 12 | Tatars of the Volga | 89.5 | C.E. | |
| MEGASEMES (90 AND UPWARDS). | ||||
| 69 | Kalmuks | 90.2 | Den., Ivanovs. | |
| 26 | Indians of N. America | 90.8 | Broca. | |
| 13 | Modern Mexicans | 90.8 | Broca. | |
| 43 | Javanese | 91.1 | Broca. | |
| 88 | Polynesians | 91.6 | Fl., Broca. | |
| 14 | Andamanese | 91.7 | Flower. | |
| 127 | Am. Indians in gen. | 91.7 | Broca. | |
| 17 | Malays | 91.9 | C.E. | |
| 30 | Peruvians not deformed | 92 | Broca. | |
| 16 | Modern Aztecs | 92.1 | C.E. | |
The capacity of the orbital cavity and its depth are also measured, but, as the researches of L. Weiss have demonstrated, there is no correlation between the form of the skull (dolicho- or brachy-cephalic) and this depth. On the other hand, it appears to have some relation with the form of the face; broad faces (chamæprosopes) have deeper orbits than long faces (leptoprosopes).[63]
The skeleton of the nose presents numerous variations according to race. The nasal bones may be more or less inclined, one in relation with another, so as to form either an almost flat plane or a sort of prominent roof; their outline may be straight, concave, or convex; their breadth and their length also vary. The form of these bones, together with the nasal opening which is found below, may be expressed by the figures of the nasal index—that is to say, of the relation between the height of the bony mass (from the root of the nose to the anterior nasal spine) and its breadth (lines V B and E D of Fig. [12]). According to the greater or lesser breadth of the nasal bones and of the nasal opening, the skull is called leptorhinian (long-nosed) or platyrhinian (flat-nosed); the intermediate forms bear the name of mesorhinian. The form of the nasal opening appears to be transmitted very tenaciously by heredity (Broca).
The following table, in which I have introduced only series of more than ten skulls, gives the distribution of the principal ethnic groups according to their nasal index.