It is easy to see in running the eye over this table, that almost all the populations of the so-called white races are leptorhinians, while all the yellow populations are comprised exclusively in the group of mesorhinians, and Negroes and Bushmen in that of the platyrhinians.
The Polynesians seem to be leptorhinians, the Melanesians with the Australians show a tendency towards platyrhiny.
NASAL INDEX OF THE CRANIUM.
(Series of more than 10 Skulls of both Sexes together.)
| Number of Skulls. | Ethnic Groups. | Nasal Index. | Observer. |
| LEPTORHINIANS (less than 48). | |||
| 46 | Eskimo | 42.2 | Broca, Flower |
| 54 | Spanish Basques | 43.8 | Broca |
| 17 | Guanches | 44.2 | Broca |
| 28 | Arabs | 44.4 | C.E. |
| 28 | Berbers | 46.2 | C.E. |
| 32 | English | 46.0 | Flower |
| 83 | Auvergnats | 46.2 | Broca |
| 17 | Frisians | 46.3 | Topinard |
| 122 | Parisians | 46.7 | Broca |
| 12 | Tatars of the Volga | 47.1 | Ten Kate |
| 52 | Argentine Araucans | 47.1 | Ten Kate |
| 127 | American Indians in general | 47.2 | Ten Kate |
| 48 | Fuegians | 47.5 | Mant., Hyad., Den. |
| 15 | Botocudos | 47.2 | Rey., Virch. |
| 18 | Maoris | 47.5 | Turner |
| 88 | Polynesians | 47.9 | Flower, Broca |
| MESORHINIANS (48 53). | |||
| 11 | Natives of the Admiralty Is. | 48.0 | Flower |
| 72 | Italians of Lombardy | 48.3 | Flower |
| 28 | Sardinians | 48.6 | Flower |
| 66 | Kalmuks | 49.0 | Denik., Ivanovs. |
| 94 | Chinese | 49.1 | T.K., Br., Fl. |
| 31 | Japanese | 49.5 | T.K., Baelz |
| 16 | Hindus | 50.0 | C.E. |
| 11 | Bugis of Mangkassar | 50.0 | C.E. |
| 21 | Annamese | 50.1 | Topinard |
| 33 | Marvars (India) | 50.0 | Flower |
| 21 | Russians (chiefly of Kazan) | 50.3 | Malief |
| 14 | Andamanese | 50.6 | Flower |
| 126 | Ainus | 50.9 | Koganei |
| 19 | Inhab. of Ruck Isl. (Carolines) | 51.2 | Virchow |
| 29 | Permiaks | 51.7 | Malief |
| 43 | Veddahs | 51.8 | Saras., Flower |
| 17 | Malays | 51.9 | C.E. |
| 11 | Dyaks | 51.9 | Montano |
| 135 | New Caledonians | 52.3 | C.E. |
| 16 | Modern Aztecs | 52.1 | C.E. |
| PLATYRHINIANS (over 53). | |||
| 25 | Negroes of Fernando Po | 53.7 | Topinard |
| 11 | Negroes of the Sudan, Darfour, etc. | 54.2 | C.E. |
| 35 | Negroes of Senegal | 55.1 | C.E. |
| 25 | Negroes of Upper Guinea | 55.2 | C.E. |
| 22 | Nubians (Bejas) | 55.1 | Broca |
| 18 | Negroes of Kordofan | 55.4 | Topinard |
| 13 | Fijians of Viti-Levu (interior) | 56.5 | Flower |
| 132 | Australians | 56.2 | Fl., Br., Turner, C.E. |
| 21 | Bushmen | 58.4 | Turner |
| 15 | Negroes of Lower Guinea | 58.8 | C.E. |
| 12 | Kafirs | 61.7 | C.E. |
Prognathism, that is to say the degree of projection of the maxillary portion of the face, is a characteristic trait of certain skulls; however, it does not seem to play so important a part in the classification of races as anthropologists had thought twenty or thirty years ago. It presents too many individual varieties to be taken as a distinctive character of race. The degree of prognathism is measured by means of different facial angles, of which that of Cloquet, passing by the forehead, the upper alveolar point (between the two incisors), and the external auditory meatus (Fig. [13], F O K), is one of the best. However, as it expresses the relation of points too far removed from each other, it is better to confine ourselves to the measurement of alveolar prognathism, that is to say, of the sub-nasal projection of the face. This prognathism is measured with the angle determined by the alveolar point, the external auditory meatus, and the nasal spine (Fig. [13], F′ O K).
FIG. 14.—Jenny, Australian woman of Queensland.
Height, 1 m. 56; cephalic index, 71.2; nasal index, 119.
(Photo. Prince Roland Bonaparte.)