[351] There was yet to take place another sinking of the ground which established a communication, by means of the Sound, between the “Ancylus Lake” of the preceding period with the North Sea, transforming it thus into a very salt and warm sea called, from the principal fossil which reveals to us its existence, the Littorina Sea.
[352] Nehring, Zeitschr. f. Ethnol., 1895, No. 6 (Verh., pp. 425 and 573); Salomon Reinach, L’Anthropologie, 1897, p. 53; P. Salmon, Races hum. préhist., p. 9, Paris, 1888; Cartailhac, loc. cit., p. 327; M. Boule, loc. cit., p. 679; G. de Mortillet, La Format. de la Nat. Franc., p. 289.
[353] Out of forty-six skulls to which the title “quaternary” has been applied, I have only been able, after a careful examination of all evidence, to recognise as such the ten to fifteen following skulls. For the age of the mammoth or “Mousterian” period, seven skulls certainly quaternary: two skulls from Spy (Belgium), and those from Egisheim (Alsace), Olmo (Val d’Arno, Italy), Bury St. Edmunds (England), Podbaba (Bohemia), and Predmost (Moravia). Perhaps we should refer to this period the skulls which cannot be definitely traced to a certain alluvial bed, like those of Neanderthal (Rhenish Prussia), Denise (Auvergne), Marcilly-sur-Eure (Eure), La Truchère (Saône), and Tilbury (near London). As to the skulls of the “reindeer” age (Magdalenian period), three only are known which are not called in question: these are the skulls of Laugerie-Basse, Chancelade (Dordogne), and Sordes (Landes). Perhaps we should include among them the skulls of uncertain date, like those of Bruniquel, Engis, Sargels (near Larzac), and perhaps others which certain authorities classify as belonging to mesolithic and even neolithic times: the three skulls of Cro-Magnon (Dordogne); the six so-called Mentone skulls (Baoussé-Roussé, Maritime Alps); the skulls of the Trou de Frontal at Furfooz (Belgium), of Solutré (Valley of the Saône), Bohuslan (near Stangenas, Sweden), Clichy and Grenelle (Paris). And, lastly, we have no data on which to form an opinion as to the date of the skulls of Canstatt (Wurtemberg), Maëstricht (Holland), Gibraltar, Brux (Bohemia), Lhar, Nagy-Sap (Hungary), Schebichowitz (Bohemia), Valle do Areciro (Portugal), etc. Cf. S. Reinach, loc. cit. (Antiquités Nation.), p. 134; and Hervé, Rev. École Anthr., p. 208, Paris, 1892.
[354] The instances of the skull of Saint Mensuy, an Irish bishop, and others, are universally known. See on this subject, Godron, Mem. Acad. Stanislas, p. 50, Nancy, 1884; Worthington Smith, Man, the Primeval Savage, p. 38, London, 1893; and W. Borlase, The Dolmens of Ireland, vol. iii., p. 922, London, 1897.
[355] De Quatrefages and Hamy, Cr. Ethn., p. 44; De Quatrefages, Hist. Gén. Races Hum., vol. i., p. 67; Hervé, Rev. École. Anthr., Paris, 1893, p. 173; 1894, p. 105; 1896, p. 97.
[356] Hervé, “Les brachycéphales néolith.,” Rev. École. Anthr., Paris, 1894, p. 393; and 1895, p. 18.
[357] J. Beddoe, The Races of Britain, Bristol-London, 1885, and “Hist. de l’indice ceph. dans les îles Britan.,” L’Anthropol., 1894, p. 513; Windle, loc. cit., p. 9; Inostrantsev, Doïstoritcheskii, etc. (Prehistor. Man of Ladoga), St. Petersburg, 1882, fig. and pl.
[358] Montelius, Temps. préhist. en Suède, p. 41, Paris, 1895; Cartailhac, Âges préhist. Esp. et Portug., p. 305, Paris, 1886; H. and S. Siret, Prem. âges du métal dans le sud-est de l’Esp., 3rd part (by V. Jacques), Antwerp, 1887.
[359] S. Reinach, “Mirage oriental,” L’Anthropologie, 1894, pp. 539 and 699; A. Evans, “Eastern Question,” Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1896, p. 911; Montelius, loc. cit.; Much, “Die Kupferzeit in Europa,” Jena, 1893.
[360] A. Evans, loc. cit., “Eastern Question”; Sal. Reinach, L’Anthropol., 1893, p. 731; Montelius, “The Tyrrhenians, etc.,” Jour. Anthr. Inst., vol. xxvi., 1897, p. 254, pl.; and “Pre-classic Chronology in Greece,” ibid., p. 261.