[361] This term, used first in Germany, is accepted by almost all men of science. The La Tène period corresponds pretty nearly with the “âge Marnien” of French archæologists and the late Celtic of English archæologists. Cf. M. Hoernes, Urgesch. d. Mensch., chaps. viii. and ix., Vienna, 1892.
[362] Together with the Sards, the Turses are the only European peoples of which the Egyptian inscriptions anterior to the thirteenth century B.C. make mention, under the name of Shordana and Thursana (W. Max Müller, Europa und Asien, 1894).
[363] D’Arbois de Jubainville, Les Anciens Habitants de l’Europe, new ed., vol. i., p. 201, Paris.
[364] See for this history, Isaac Taylor, The Origin of the Aryans, chap. i., London, 1890, and S. Reinach, L’origine des Aryens, Paris, 1892.
[365] Th. Poesche, Die Arier, Jena, 1878; Penka, Die Herkunft der Arier, Vienna, 1886. This identification has been turned to account by several men of science, especially by O. Ammon (loc. cit.) in Germany and V. de Lapouge (Sélections sociales, Paris, 1895) in France, in the construction of somewhat bold sociological theories.
[366] Osc. Schrader, Sprachvergl. u. Urgesch., 2nd ed., Jena, 1890.
[367] According to Hirt, “Die Urheimat ... d. Indogermanen,” Geogr. Zeitsch., vol. i., p. 649, Leipzig, 1895, the home of dispersion of the primitive Aryan language would be found to the north of the Carpathians, in the Letto-Lithuanian region. From this point two linguistic streams would start, flowing round the mountains to the west and east; the western stream, after spreading over Germany (Teutonic languages), left behind them the Celtic languages in the upper valley of the Danube, and filtered through on the one side into Italy (Latin languages), on the other side into Illyria, Albania, and Greece (Helleno-Illyrian languages). The eastern stream formed the Slav languages in the plains traversed by the Dnieper, then spread by way of the Caucasus into Asia (Iranian languages and Sanscrit). In this way we can account, on the one hand, for the less and less marked relationship between the different Aryan languages of the present day and the common primitive dialect, and, on the other hand, the diversity between the two groups of Aryan languages, western and eastern.
[368] A. Bertrand and S. Reinach, Les Celtes dans la vallée du Pô, etc., Paris, 1894.
[369] D’Arbois de Jubainville, loc. cit., vol. ii., p. 297.
[370] For particulars see J. Deniker, “Les Races de l’Europe,” Bull. Soc. d’Anthropol., 1897, pp. 189 and 291; L’Anthropologie, 1898, p. 113 (with map); and “Les Races de l’Europe,” first part, L’indice Céphal., Paris, 1899 (coloured map). Cf. Ripley, “Racial Geography of Europe,” Appleton’s Popular Science Monthly, New York, for the years 1897, 1898, and 1899.