[431] See [Appendices I.] and [III.] for the measurements given from Miss Ayrton, Bälz, Koganei, etc.
[432] It might be supposed that the representatives of the first type were the descendants of tribes who had come by way of Corea and the Tsu-shima and Iki-shima islands in the south-west of Nippon at some period unknown, but at any rate very remote. As to the coarse type, its representatives are perhaps descended from the warriors who invaded about the seventh century B.C. (according to a doubtful chronology) the west coast of the island of Kiu-siu and then Nippon. These invaders, intermixing with the aborigines of unknown stock, founded the kingdom of Yamato, and drove back the Ainus towards the north (see p. 372).
[433] The ancient practice of suicide in case of injury (Harakiri), now abolished, also denoted great courage; sometimes it was a disguised form of vendetta, for the relatives of the suicide were bound in honour to exterminate the offender.
[434] Mohnike, Die Japaner, Münster, 1872; Bälz, loc. cit.; J. J. Rein, Japan, Leipzig, 1881–86, 2 vols.; Mechnikof, L’empire Japonais, Paris-Geneva, 1882; B. Chamberlain, Things Japanese, Yokohama, 1891; “Tokyo Jinruigaku,” etc. (Journ. Anthr. Soc. Tokio, in Japanese), 1888–98.
[435] Dodd, Jour. Str. Br. As. Soc., No. 15, p. 69, Singapore, 1885; I. Ino, “Distrib. géog. tribu. Formose,” Tokyo Jinruigaku, p. 301, 1898 (analysed in l’Anthropologie,1899); Imbault-Huart, L’île de Formose, Paris, 1893; A. Wirth, “Eingeborn. Stämme auf Formosa u. Liu-Kiu,” Peterm. Mitt., p. 33, 1898.
[436] Dourisboure, Les Sauv. Ba-Hnars, Paris, 1873; Neïs, Excurs. et Reconn., Saigon, Nos. 6 (1880), 10 (1881), and Bull. Soc. Géogr., p. 372, Paris, 1884; Harmand, loc. cit., and Tour du Monde, 1879 and 1880; Pinabel, Bull. Soc. Géogr., p. 417, Paris, 1884.
[437] Aymonier, “Voyage dans le Laos,” Ann. Mus. Guimet. (Bibl. d’Étude, vol. v.), vol. i., p. 38, Paris, 1895; Harmand, loc. cit.
[438] E. Kuhn, Sitzungsberichte, Phil.-hist. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., p. 289, Munich, 1889.
[439] Aymonier, Excurs. et Reconn., Saigon, Nos. 8 and 10 (1881), 24 (1885), chap. viii., No. 32 (1890), and Rev. d’Ethnogr., 1885, p. 158; Bergaigne, Journ. Asiat., 8th series, vol. xi., 1888; Maurel, Mem. Soc. Anthr., 1893, vol. iv., p. 486.
[440] Mrs. Mason, Civilising Mountain Men, etc., London, 1862, and other works of this author. Smeaton, The Loyal Karen, etc., London, 1886.