[471] For the measurements of the Iranians see [Appendices I.] to [III.] (from Danilof, Houssey, Ujfalvy, Bogdanof, Chantre, Troll, Risley).
[472] Möckler, “Origin of Baluch,” Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1893, p. 159.
[473] Chantre, Rech. Anthr. As. Occid. Transcaucasie, Asie Min. et Syrie, Lyons, 1895 (with pl. and fig.); and “Les Kurdes,” Bull. Soc. Anthr. Lyons, 1897. The Lurs of Western Persia living south of the Kurds are akin to the latter; they may be divided into Luri-Kuchucks (250,000) or little Lurs in Luristan, and into Luri-Buzury, farther south, in Hazistan, a part of Fars. Their best known tribes are those of the Bakhtyari and Maamaseni. The Lurs are above the average height (1 m. 68), and sub-brachycephalic (ceph. ind. 84.5), according to Houssay, Duhousset, and Gautier. Cf. Houssay, “Les Peuples de la Perse,” Bull. Soc. Anthr. Lyons, 1887, p. 101; and Pantiukhof, loc. cit.
[474] The Arab tongue of the present day includes three dialects: Western, extending from Morocco to Tunis; Central, spoken in Egypt; and Eastern, spoken in Arabia and Syria.
[475] Petersen and Von Luschan, Reisen in Lykien, etc., chap, xiii., Vienna, 1889; Chantre, loc. cit.
[476] It is known, in fact, that the isolation of the Jews from the rest of the population is not always absolutely complete. There have been peoples of other races converted to Judaism: the Khasars in the seventh century, the Abyssinians (present Falacha), the Tamuls or “black Jews” (p. 115, note), the Tauridians of the Karaite sect, etc. (p. 222). Cf. J. Jacobs, “Racial Charact.... Jews,” Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xv. (1885–86), p. 24; and Jacobs and Spielmann, ibid., vol. xix. (1889–90).
[477] The Aissors or Chaldeans who migrated to the Caucasus are probably allied to these “Jews of the mountains”; they are also very brachycephalic (ceph. ind. 88) and of rather high stature (1 m. 67) (Erckert, Chantre).
[478] See the art. “Juifs” in the Dict. Géog. Univers. of Vivien de Saint-Martin and Rousselet, vol. ii., Paris, 1884 (with bibliog.); Andree, Zur Völkerkunde der Juden, Bielefeld, 1881, with map; and publications of the Soc. des Études Juives, Paris. The measurements given in the Appendices are after Ikof, Chantre, Jacobs and Spielmann, Gluck, Kopenicki, Weissenberg, Weisbach, etc.
[479] See my art. “Tsiganes,” in the Dict. Géog. Univ., quoted above, vol. vi., 1893; Paspati, Étude sur les Tchinghiané, Constantinople, 1870; A. Colocci, Gli Zingari, Turin, 1889, with map; H. von Wlislocki, Vom ... Zigeuner-Volke, Hamburg, 1890; and the publications of the Gypsy-Lore Society, London (1886–96).
[480] Fl. Petrie and Quibell, Nagada and Ballas, London, 1896; De Morgan, Recherches sur les Origines de l’Egypte, Paris, 1897–98, 2 vols. See for summary of the question: S. Reinach, L’Anthropol., 1897, p. 322; and J. Capart, Rev. Université, Brussels, 4th year (1898–99), p. 105. Let us remember while on this point that at the quaternary period lower Egypt was still covered by the sea, and that the climate of Egypt and the Sahara was much more humid than to-day (Shirmer, Le Sahara, p. 136, Paris, 1893). Most of the prehistoric finds in Egypt have been made on the table-lands, not covered by the alluvial soils of the Nile.