[491] Duveyrier, Les Touareg du Nord, Paris, 1864; Schirmer, loc. cit.
[492] Rohlfs, Quer durch Africa, vol. i., Leipzig, 1888.
[493] Faidherbe, “Les Berbers ... du Sénégal,” Bull. Soc. Anthr. Paris, 1864, p. 89; R. Collignon and Deniker, “Les Maures du Sénégal,” L’Anthropologie, 1895, p. 287.
[494] According to the best preserved monuments, the ancient Egyptians had a brownish-reddish complexion of skin, long face, pointed chin, scant beard, straight or aquiline nose like the Ethiopian race (see p. 288). The hair of the mummies makes us think of the black and frizzy hair of the Ethiopians themselves. Lastly, the few ancient Egyptian skulls examined are meso- or dolicho-cephalic. See Pruner-Bey, Mem. Soc. Anthr. Paris, vol. i., 1863; Hartman, Zeits. für Ethnol., vols. i. and ii., 1869–70, and Die Nigritier, Berlin, 1876; E. Schmidt, Arch. f. Anthr., vol. xvii., 1888; S. Poole, Journ. Anthr. Inst., vol. xvi., 1886, p. 371; S. Bertin, ibid., 1889, vol. xviii., p. 104; Phot. Coll., Flinders Petrie (Brit. Assoc. 1887); Sergi, Africa Antropol. della stirpe camitica, Turin, 1897. Virchow (Sitzungsb. Preuss Akad. Wiss., 1888) has endeavoured to show that the most ancient type of the Egyptians was brachycephalic, but his deductions are disputable, being based on measurements of statues.
[495] Sometimes the Barabras are also similarly designated, in my opinion wrongly, for this leads to a triple confusion, “Nuba” being still the name of a Negro tribe (see p. 444). It would be more correct to employ this term as a synonym of Northern Ethiopian; besides, according to Strabo (Book XVII.), Eratosthenes refers to the “Nubians” in his time as a people distinct from the Negroes and Egyptians. The Barabras are not so dark, have not such frizzy hair, and are not so tall as the Bejas, the Hamrans, and other Ethiopians their neighbours, and consequently belong, not only by their language, but also by their physical type, to the Arabo-Berber group.
[496] For general works see Paulitschke, Beiträge Ethnogr. u. Anthr. d. Somâl. Galla, Leipzig, 1886, and Ethnogr. Nordost Africas, Berlin, 1893–96, 2 vols.; Sergi, loc. cit. (Africa).
[497] Hartmann, “Die Bedjah,” Zeit. f. Ethnol., vol. xi., 1879, p. 117; Virchow, Zeit. f. Ethn., vol. x., 1878 (Verh. p. 333, etc.), and vol. xi., 1879 (Verh. p. 389); Deniker, Bull. Soc. Anthr. Paris, 1880, p. 594.
[498] Révoil, La Vallée du Darrar, Paris, 1882; Paulitschke, loc. cit.; Sergi, loc. cit., p. 178; Santelli, Bull. Soc. Anthr. Paris, 1893, p. 479.
[499] See [Appendices I.] to [III.] for the measurements given from the works already quoted of Deniker, Paulitschke, Santelli, Sergi, and Virchow.
[500] J. Thomson, Through Masai Land, 2nd ed., London, 1887; Stuhlmann, Mit Emin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika, Berlin, 1894; F. von Luschan, Beitr. zur Völkerk. d. Deutsch. Schulzgebiet, Berlin, 1897, with meas. and phot.