[511] Nachtigal, loc. cit.; Barth, Reisen ... in Nord u. Centr. Afr., Gotha, 1857–58, 5 vols.; Monteil, De Saint-Louis à Tripoli, Paris, 1895; Maistre, loc. cit.; Staudinger, Im Herzen der Haussaländer, Berlin, 1889, 2 vols.
[512] The Diumma or Diammo, to the north-east of the bend of the Black Volta, are probably a branch of the Gurunga; only having for long been subject to the Ashantis they have adopted their language, which is the only one they use in addressing strangers. (Binger, Du Niger au golfe de Guinée, Paris, 1892.)
[513] Béranger-Féraud, loc. cit., ch. v., and Rev. Anthr., 1874, p. 444; Binger, loc. cit.
[514] Faidherbe, “Les Sarakolés,” Rev. de Linguist., 1881, p. 80.
[515] For details see C. Madrolle, En Guinée, Paris, 1895.
[516] They must not be confounded with the Diula of the regions of Kong and the upper Niger, one of the first Mandénké tribes converted to Islamism, at the same time one of the least fanatic, perhaps because the most given to trade. (See M. Monnier, loc. cit.)
[517] Coffinières de Nordeck, Tour du Monde, vol. li., p. 273, 1886.
[518] Binger, loc. cit.; Tautin, “Les Castes des Mandingues,” Rev. Ethnogr., vol. iii., Paris, 1884.
[519] For details in regard to the Wolofs, the Toucouleur, etc., see Béranger-Féraud, loc. cit., chap. i., and Rev. Anthr., 1875; Tautin, “Études ... ethnol. peuples Senegal,” Rev. Ethnogr., 1885; Deniker and Laloy, loc. cit., p. 259; Collignon and Deniker, unpublished notes; Verneau, “Serer, Leybou, Ouolofs,” L’Anthropol., 1895, p. 510.
[520] Deniker and Laloy, loc. cit.; Ten Kate and Serrurier, Musée Ethnogr. Leyden, Notices Anth., No. I., undated (1891?), in fol.