[531] The Oshyeba are a section of the Fan people; they may be divided into Makima (in the Upper Ogowe) and into Mazuna (of the Gabun). They are a people of famous warriors, composed of 200,000 individuals, which number is increasing with extraordinary rapidity.
[532] A. Bastian, Zeilschr. f. Ethnol., vol. vi., 1874; E. Reclus, Geogr. Univers., vol. xiii., p. 125, Paris, 1888.
[533] It is supposed that the Bubangis arrived at the north of French Congo about the eighteenth century, and their migration towards the south, stayed for the time being by the Batekes, has gone on to the present day.
[534] Pogge, Im Reiche d. Muata Jamwo, Berlin, 1880, and Mittheil. Afrik. Gesell., vol. iv., 1883–85, p. 179; Wolff, Verh. Gesell. Erdkunde, Berlin, 1887, No. 2; A. J. Wauters, L’État independant du Congo, Brussels, 1899, p. 257 et seq.; Serpa Pinto, How I Crossed Africa, 2 vols., London, 1881, with figs.; Wissmann, Wolff, Von François, and Müller, Im Inneren Afrikas, Leipzig, 1888, with figs.; Jacques, Les Congolais.
[535] L. Frobenius (Der Ursprung der Afrik. Kulturen, Berlin, 1898) sees in this last-cited fact a proof of the supposed influence of the Malays; E. Reclus (Geogr. Univers., vol. xiii., p. 271) regards it as the result of imitation of the European factories which have been established for three centuries on the coast.
[536] The prefix Ki means “language,” as U means “country,” and Va-Ua, or Ba, “people,” or “men.”
[537] Fritsch, Die Eingeborenen Sud-Afrikas, Breslau, 1872, with atlas; Holub, Sieben Jahre in Sud-Afrika, Vienna, 1881, vol. ii., figs. and maps, and “Die Matabele,” Zeitschr. f. Ethnol., vol. xx., 1893; Kropf, Das Volk d. Xosa-Kaffern, Berlin, 1889; Wood, loc. cit., vol. i.; Macdonald, “Manners ... South-African Tribes,” Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xix., p. 264, and vol. xx., p. 123 (1889–90); Johnston, British Central Africa, London, 1897; Junod, “Les Ba-Ronga,” Bull. Soc. Neuchateloise de Géogr., vol. x., 1898.
[538] The Bechuana are a little shorter (1 m. 68, according to Fritsch) and more dolichocephalic (ceph. ind. of four skulls, 70.9, according to Hamy, “Documents Cafrerie,” Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., p. 357, Paris, 1882). Shrubsall (Journ. Anth. Inst., N.S., vol. i., 1898) gives the ceph. index as 71.3 for the Basuto skulls. The Herrero and Damara skulls have the indices, 71 and 72.
[539] Fritsch, loc. cit.; Schinz, loc. cit.; Von Luschan, loc. cit.
[540] The Bushmen represent the race almost in its purity, while the Hottentots show the traits of this race somewhat modified. The stature of the latter is higher, the head more dolichocephalic, the complexion darker, and the hands are not so small as is the case with Bushmen. Their features are more negroid, and it has been suggested that contact with the neighbouring Bantu tribes has had something to do with this. (See Deniker, “Les Hottentots,” Rev. d’Anthrop., 1889, p. 1.) The skin of the Hottentots, however, is still of a hue of yellow, and their steatopygy is almost as pronounced as with the Bushmen.