[631] A. Stoll, Zur Ethnogr. d. Rep. Guatemala, Zurich, 1884; K. Sapper, “Ethnogr. von S.-E. Mexico und Brit. Honduras,” Peterm. Mittheil., 1895, p. 177, chart, and “Die unabhängige Indianerstaaten von Yucatan,” Globus, vol. 67, 1893, p. 196.
[632] See for the geographical distribution of these peoples in pre-Columbian times, D. Pector, Arch. Soc. Americaine, new series, vol. vi, Paris, 1888, pp. 97 and 145.
[633] Fernandez and Bramford, Rep. Smiths. Inst., 1882, p. 675; Brinton, loc. cit. (Am. R.), p. 163.
[634] Wickham, “Soumoo or Woolwa Indians,” Journ. Anthr. Inst., vol. xxiv., 1894–95, p. 198.
[635] The name half-breed (Mestizo) is given in Mexico only to a child born of the union of a Spaniard with an Indian woman. By being crossed with a Spaniard a “Mestizo” may give birth to a “Castiza”; the scion of the latter and a Spaniard reverts, it is said, to the race of the father, and is set down as Spanish. A Mulatto woman, the offspring of a Spaniard and a negress, may give birth to a “Morisco” by uniting with a Spaniard; this Morisco will produce with a Spaniard what is called an “Albino,” and it is only to her son, the offspring of a Spanish father, who should revert to his father’s race, that the name of “Tornatro” will be applied. An Indian marrying a negress produces a “Sobo,” and the latter engenders with a negress a “Chino.” The progeny of a Chino and an Indian is called “Cambujo,” and that of an Indian and a half-breed, “Cayote.” (Hamy, following Ignacio de Castro, quoted by de Quatrefages, Hist. Gén. Races Hum., p. 605.)
[636] I think that it corresponds better with the facts themselves than the mixed and chronological classification of the South Americans into four groups (Eskimoid and Ugroid peoples of the early stone age; Caribs of the later stone age; Mongoloid semi-civilised brachycephals of the stone and bronze ages; hunting and warlike tribes of the bronze age) proposed by Siemiradzki, Mittheil. Anthrop. Gesellsch., vol. xxviii., p. 127, Vienna, 1898.
[637] Lafone Quevedo, Preface to the “Arte de la lengua Toba” of Barcena, Revista Mus. La Plata, vol. v., p. 143, 1894. This distinction is criticised by Brinton, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. xxxvii., p. 179, Philad., 1898.
[638] The “Mamelucos” or Paulists of the province of Sao Paulo (Brazil), European and Indian half-breeds; the Gauchos of Chaco, offspring of Whites and Indians of the Pampas; the Curibocos, Indo-negro half-breeds in Brazil, etc.
[639] D’Orbigny, L’homme Americain, Paris, 1859, 2 vols.
[640] G. Bovalius, “En reza ... Talamanca Land,” Ymer, p. 183, map, Stockholm, 1885.