[671] I. Ambrosetti, “Los Indios Caingua,” Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argentino, vol. xv., Buenos Ayres, 1895.
[672] It is in the vicinity of the Cainguas, between the Parana and the central chain of Paraguay, south of the sources of the Acaray, that the five or six hundred Guayakis dwell, primitive hunters, still in the stone age, of whom Bove (Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital., 1884, p. 939) had caught a glimpse, and whom La Hitte and Ten Kate have quite recently described (Ann. Mus. La Plata, vol. ii., Anthrop., 1897). Armed with their enormous bows and their polished stone hatchets, with their caps of jaguar skin, they have rather a grotesque appearance, and their low stature (the only adult subject measured was 1 m. 52, and the skeleton of a woman, 1 m. 42), as well as their legs wide apart, are not such as to improve their appearance. They are sub-brachycephalic, and nevertheless in type remind us of the Fuegians and the Botocudos. Their habitations are tree shelters, sometimes eighty feet long; their principal tool consists of a tooth of the agôuti fastened to the thigh-bone of a monkey. Their household vessels are plaited baskets rendered impermeable by the addition of a layer of wax, etc. The Cainguas are perhaps hybridised Guayakis.
[673] Coudreau, loc. cit., pp. 123 and 131.
[674] Köppig, quoted by Brinton (Am. R., p. 231). We must not confound these Cocomas with the tribe of the same name living between the upper Burus and the Jurua, and which appears to belong to the Pano family.
[675] Barboza Rodriguez, loc. cit.; Ehrenreich, loc. cit. (Anthrop. Stud.); D’Orbigny, loc. cit., vol. ii., p. 324.
[676] Martin de Moussy, Descrip. Confed. Argent., vol. ii., p. 141, Paris, 1861, and Industr. des Indiens La Plata, Paris, 1866; Lafone Quevedo, “La Razza Americana de Brinton, etc.,” Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xiv., 1894, p. 524 (on the disappearance of the Charruas), and Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 124 and 127; Arrivée en France de quatre sauvages Charrua, Paris, 1830, and Flourens, Ann. Sc. Nat., 2nd ser., Zool., vol. viii., p. 156; F. Outes, Los Querandies, Buenos Ayres, 1897, and Ethnogr. Argent., Seconda Contrib. al Ethnog. Querandi, Buenos Ayres, 1899; Ambrozetti, “Alfarerias Minuanes,” Bol. I. G. Argent., vol. xiv., 1893, p. 212; I. Quevedo, Bol. Inst. Geogr. Argent., vol. xviii., 1897, pp. 117 and 130.
[677] Dobrizhoffer, An Account of the Abipones, London, 1822, 2 vols.
[678] L. Quevedo, loc. cit., La Razza, etc., p. 519, Arte Toba, etc.; Massei and L. Quevedo, “Grupo Mataco-Mataguayo,” Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1895 and 1896; Pelleschi, “Los Indios Matacos,” Bol. Inst. Geogr. Arg., 1897, p. 173.
[679] Certain authorities (Ameghino, Brinton, etc.) place the Charruas, the Chanases, and the Querandis in the Tupi-Guaranian family, and make a separate group of the Matacos.
[680] Boggiani, Viaggi d’un artista in Amer. Merid., I. Caduvei, II. Ciamococo, Rome, 1894–95 (preface and note by Colino); and “Ethnografia del Alto Paraguay,” Bol. Inst. Geog. Arg., vol. xviii., 1897, p. 613, ethn. chart. According to Brinton (“Ling. Cartogr. of Chaco,” Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 37, p. 178, Philad., 1898), the dialect of the Samucos should belong to the Arawak family.