1. By the interrogative particles man‘ and ’vá.

2. By putting the question in the form of an affirmative and negative, side by side. The particle ní is often placed between.

Obs. After ní, the second clause is sometimes supplied by sa‘; e.g.

(4) Particles of time, forming tenses of verbs.

252. For the expression of present time, no auxiliary word is necessary.

Obs. Instead of considering the rest of the tenses in their order, it will be better to take the particles in succession, and show what tenses they may be used for.