- 阻住 ’tsú dzû‘, resist.
- 鎖住 ’sú dzû‘, prevent motion by locking up.
- 縛住 vóh dzû‘ ib. by tying up.
- 咬住 ’ngau dzû‘, hold with the teeth.
- 揑住 niah dzû‘, hold in the hand.
- 揪住 t’sieu dzû‘, hold with the hand.
h. 到 tau‘, arrived.
- 用到 yúng‘ tau‘, employ to the utmost.
- 做到 tsú‘ tau‘, do to perfection.
- 走到 ’tseu tau‘, complete a journey on foot.
- 昨日跑到 dzoh nyih pau‘ tau‘, he arrived yesterday.
218. In many cases a substantive follows the verb, when it is unnecessary in English.
| 走路 ’tseu lú‘, to walk. | 織布 tsuh pú‘, to weave. |
| 射箭 zok tsien‘, to shoot. | 紡紗 ’fong só, to spin. |
| 搖船 yau zén, to scull. | 活命 weh ming‘, to live. |
Obs. i. So also 話說話 wó‘ seh wó‘, to speak. The words seh wó‘, words, are as to sense superfluous. Yet many of these examples may be closely translated; e.g. 領路 ’ling lú‘, lead the way; 燒飯 sau van‘, to boil rice, to cook.
Obs. ii. When the substantive comes under the government of another verb its usual companion is frequently appended; e.g. 尋飯吃 dzing van‘ k’iuh, seek for food, where 吃 is superfluous.
Obs. iii. When the sense does not require a substantive, the reason of its introduction must be sought in the rhythmical construction of sentences, peculiar and essential to the Chinese language.
219. Compound verbs are formed by the apposition of a transitive verb and adjective.
- 加長 ká, (add) dzáng (long), to lengthen.
- 親近 t’sing (to make near) ’giun, (near), become near, to approach closely.
- 掘深 kiöh, (dig) sun (deep), to deepen.
- 減輕 ’kan (subtract) k’iung (light), subtract from.
- 填高 tíen (place layers) kau (high), raise by layers.
- 話大 wó‘ (speak) dú‘ (great), speak highly of.
- 佈滿 ’pú (to cover) ’mén (full), fill up.
- 教差 kau‘ (instruct) t’só (wrong), teach wrong.
- 改正 ’ké (change) tsung‘ (correct), to correct.
- 捉牢 tsoh (catch) lau (firm), catch and retain.