Talks on Manures / A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject

by Joseph Harris

The figures differ materially in many cases from those previously published. They represent the average results of numerous reliable analyses, and are sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes connected with the subject of manures. In special cases, it will be well to consult actual analyses of the articles to be used.

I.—TABLES FOR CALCULATING THE EXHAUSTION AND ENRICHING OF SOILS.

A.—HARVEST PRODUCTS AND VARIOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.
Average quantity of water, nitrogen, and total ash, and the different ingredients of the ash in 1000 lbs. of fresh or air-dried substance.

W Water. N Nitrogen. A Ash. P Potash. S Soda.

L Lime. M Magnesia. PA Phosphoric Acid. SA Sulphuric Acid. SS Silica and Sand.

Substance.	W	N	A	P	S	L	M	PA	SA	SS
I.—Hay.
Meadow Hay	143	15.5	51.5	13.2	2.3	8.6	3.3	4.1	2.4	13.9
Rye Grass	143	16.3	58.2	20.2	2.0	4.3	1.3	6.2	2.3	18.5
Timothy	143	15.5	62.1	20.4	1.5	4.5	1.9	7.2	1.8	22.1
Moharhay	134	17.3	58.4	21.2	1.2	6.1	5.4	3.4	2.1	16.3
Red Clover	160	19.7	56.9	18.3	1.2	20.0	6.1	5.6	1.7	1.4
Red Clover, ripe	150	12.5	44.0	9.8	1.4	15.6	6.8	4.3	1.3	3.0
White Clover	165	23.2	59.8	10.1	4.5	19.3	6.0	8.4	4.9	2.5
Alsike Clover	160	24.0	39.7	11.0	1.2	13.5	5.0	4.0	1.6	1.6
Crimson Clover	167	19.5	50.7	11.7	4.3	16.0	3.1	3.6	1.3	8.2
Lucern	160	23.0	62.1	15.3	1.3	26.2	3.3	5.5	3.7	3.8
Esparsette	167	21.3	45.8	13.0	1.5	16.8	3.0	4.6	1.4	3.7
Yellow Clover	167	22.1	55.7	11.9	1.3	32.6	2.1	4.3	1.0	1.5
Green Vetch Hay	167	22.7	83.7	28.3	5.6	22.8	5.4	10.7	2.8	4.9
Green Pea Hay	167	22.9	62.4	23.2	2.3	15.6	6.3	6.8	5.1	0.9
Spurry	167	19.2	56.8	19.9	4.6	10.9	6.9	8.4	2.0	0.8
II.—Green Fodder.
Meadow Grass in bloom	700	5.4	18.1	4.6	0.8	3.0	1.1	1.5	0.8	4.9
Young Grass	800	5.6	20.7	11.6	0.4	2.2	0.6	2.2	0.8	2.1
Rye Grass	734	5.7	20.4	7.2	0.7	1.5	0.4	2.2	0.8	6.5
Timothy Grass	700	5.4	21.6	7.4	0.5	1.6	0.7	2.5	0.6	7.7
Rye-Fodder	760	5.3	16.3	6.3	0.1	1.2	0.5	2.4	0.2	5.2
Green Oats	810	3.7	18.8	7.5	0.6	1.2	0.6	1.7	0.6	5.7
Green Corn-Fodder	822	1.9	12.0	4.3	0.5	1.6	1.4	1.3	0.4	1.7
Sorghum	773	4.0	13.0	3.6	1.8	1.2	0.5	0.8	0.4	3.7
Moharhay	700	5.9	13.9	5.0	0.3	1.4	1.3	0.8	0.5	3.9
Red Clover in blossom	780	5.1	13.7	4.4	0.3	4.8	1.5	1.4	0.4	0.3
Red Clover before blossom	830	5.3	14.5	5.3	0.3	4.2	1.5	1.7	0.3	0.4
White Clover	805	5.6	13.6	2.3	1.0	4.4	1.4	1.9	1.1	0.6
Alsike Clover	820	5.3	8.8	2.4	0.3	3.0	1.1	0.9	0.4	0.4
Crimson Clover	815	4.3	12.2	2.8	1.0	3.8	0.7	0.9	0.3	2.0
Lucern	740	7.2	18.7	4.6	0.4	7.9	1.0	1.6	1.1	1.1
Esparsette	800	5.1	12.1	3.4	0.4	4.4	0.8	1.2	0.4	1.0
Yellow Clover	830	4.5	14.7	3.2	0.3	8.6	0.6	1.1	0.3	0.4
Green Vetch	820	5.6	18.1	6.1	1.2	4.9	1.2	2.3	0.6	1.1
Green Peas	815	5.1	13.9	5.1	0.5	3.5	1.4	1.5	1.1	0.2
Green Rape	870	4.6	12.2	4.0	0.4	2.7	0.5	1.4	1.7	0.6
Spurry	800	3.7	12.2	4.3	1.0	2.3	1.5	1.8	0.4	0.2
III.—Root Crops.
Potatoes	750	3.4	9.4	5.7	0.2	0.2	0.4	1.6	0.6	0.2
Jerusalem Artichoke	800	3.2	9.8	4.7	1.0	0.3	0.3	1.4	0.5	1.0
Mangel-wurzel	880	1.8	7.5	4.1	1.2	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.2
Sugar Beets	815	1.6	7.1	3.9	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.3	0.1
Turnips	920	1.8	7.3	3.3	0.7	0.8	0.3	0.9	0.8	0.1
Carrots	850	2.2	7.8	2.8	1.7	0.9	0.4	1.0	0.5	0.2
Russia Turnips	870	2.1	11.6	4.7	1.2	1.3	0.3	1.7	1.5	0.1
Succory	800	2.5	6.7	2.6	1.1	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.3
Sugar Beet, upper part of root	840	2.0	9.6	2.8	2.3	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.7	0.2
IV.—Leaves & Stems of Root Crops.
Potato Vines, nearly ripe	770	4.9	19.7	4.3	0.4	6.4	3.3	1.6	1.3	0.9
Potato Vines, unripe	825	6.3	16.5	4.4	0.3	5.1	2.4	1.2	0.8	1.2
Jerusalem Artichoke	800	5.3	14.5	3.1	0.2	5.0	1.3	0.7	0.2	3.6
Mangel-wurzel	905	3.0	14.1	4.1	2.9	1.6	1.3	0.8	0.8	0.5
Sugar Beets	897	3.0	8.1	6.5	2.7	2.7	2.7	1.3	0.9	0.7
Turnips	898	3.0	11.9	2.8	1.1	3.9	0.5	0.9	1.1	0.5
Carrots	822	5.1	26.0	2.9	5.2	8.5	0.9	1.2	2.0	2.9
Succory	850	3.5	16.5	4.3	2.9	3.2	0.4	1.0	1.4	0.6
Russia Turnips	850	4.6	25.3	3.7	1.0	8.4	1.0	2.6	3.0	2.6
Cabbage, white	890	2.4	16.0	6.3	0.9	3.1	0.6	1.4	2.4	0.2
Cabbage Stems	820	1.8	11.6	5.1	0.6	1.3	0.5	2.4	0.9	0.2
V.—Manufactured Products& Refuse.
Wheat Bran	131	22.4	53.5	14.3	0.2	1.7	8.8	27.3	0.1	0.5
Rye Bran	125	23.2	71.4	19.3	1.0	2.5	11.3	34.3	..	1.4
Barley Bran	120	23.7	48.4	8.1	0.7	1.8	3.0	8.9	0.9	23.6
Oat Hulls	140	..	34.7	4.9	0.3	1.4	1.0	1.6	1.3	23.3
Pea Bran	140	..	22.7	10.3	0.2	4.1	2.2	3.1	0.9	0.9
Buckwheat Bran	140	27.2	34.6	11.2	0.7	3.4	4.6	12.5	1.0	0.7
Wheat Flour	136	18.9	7.2	2.6	0.1	0.2	0.4	3.7	..	..
Rye Flour	142	16.8	16.9	6.5	0.3	0.2	1.4	8.5	..	..
Barley Meal	140	16.0	20.0	5.8	0.5	0.6	2.7	9.5	0.6	..
Corn Meal	140	16.0	5.9	1.7	0.2	0.4	0.9	2.6	..	..
Green Malt	475	10.4	14.6	2.5	..	9.5	1.2	5.3	..	4.8
Dry Malt	75	16.0	26.6	4.6	..	1.0	2.2	9.7	..	8.8
Brewer’s Grains	766	7.8	11.7	0.5	0.1	1.3	1.0	4.1	..	4.6
Beer	900	..	6.2	2.1	0.6	0.2	0.4	2.0	0.2	0.6
Malt-sprouts	80	36.8	66.7	20.6	1.2	1.9	1.8	18.0	2.9	14.7
Potato Fibre	850	1.3	1.8	0.3	..	0.9	0.1	0.4	..	0.1
Potato Slump	948	1.6	5.0	2.2	0.4	0.3	0.4	1.0	0.4	0.2
Sugar-beet Pomace	700	2.9	11.4	3.9	0.9	2.6	0.7	1.1	0.4	0.9
Clarifying Refuse	948	0.8	3.3	0.3	0.1	1.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.7
Sugar-beet Molasses	172	12.8	82.3	57.5	10.0	4.7	0.3	0.5	1.7	0.3
Molasses Slump	920	3.2	14.0	11.0	1.5	0.2	..	0.1	0.2	..
Rape-cake	150	48.5	54.6	12.4	1.8	6.8	7.0	19.2	3.2	2.8
Linseed Oil-cake	115	45.3	50.8	12.4	0.7	4.3	8.1	16.1	1.6	6.4
Poppy-cake	100	52.0	76.9	2.3	2.3	27.0	6.2	31.2	1.9	4.5
Beech-nut-cake	100	38.1	43.3	6.5	4.6	13.2	3.6	9.7	0.6	0.8
Walnut-cake	137	55.3	46.2	14.3	..	3.1	5.6	20.2	0.6	0.7
Cotton-seed-cake	115	39.0	58.4	14.6	..	2.7	8.9	28.1	0.7	2.3
Cocoanut-cake	127	37.4	55.1	22.4	1.3	2.6	1.6	14.9	2.1	1.9
Palm-oil-cake	100	25.9	26.1	5.0	0.2	3.1	4.5	11.0	0.5	0.8
VI.—Straw.
Winter Wheat	143	4.8	46.1	6.3	0.6	2.7	1.1	2.2	1.1	31.2
Winter Spelt	143	4.0	50.1	5.2	0.3	2.9	1.2	2.6	1.2	36.0
Winter Rye	143	4.0	40.5	7.8	0.9	3.5	1.1	2.1	1.1	22.9
Spring Wheat	143	5.6	38.1	11.0	1.0	2.6	0.9	2.0	1.2	18.2
Spring Rye	143	5.6	46.6	11.2	..	4.2	1.8	3.0	1.2	26.1
Barley	143	6.4	41.3	9.4	1.7	3.2	1.1	1.9	1.5	21.5
Oats	143	5.6	40.4	8.9	1.2	3.6	1.6	1.9	1.3	19.6
Indian Corn-stalks	150	4.8	41.9	9.6	6.1	4.0	2.6	5.3	1.2	11.7
Buckwheat Straw	160	13.0	51.7	24.2	1.1	9.5	1.9	6.1	2.7	2.9
Pea Straw	160	10.4	44.0	10.1	1.8	16.2	3.5	3.5	2.7	3.0
Field Bean	160	16.3	43.9	18.5	1.1	9.8	3.3	3.2	1.6	3.2
Garden Bean	160	..	40.0	12.8	3.2	11.1	2.5	3.9	1.7	1.9
Common Vetch	160	12.0	44.1	6.3	6.9	15.6	3.7	2.7	3.3	3.6
Lupine	160	9.4	41.4	8.0	2.6	14.8	3.6	3.7	3.0	2.1
Rape	160	5.6	40.8	11.1	3.8	11.6	2.5	2.4	3.1	2.6
Poppy	160	..	48.7	18.4	0.6	14.7	3.1	1.6	2.5	5.5
VII.—Chaff.
Winter Wheat	143	7.2	92.5	8.5	1.7	1.8	1.2	4.0	..	75.1
Spring Wheat	143	7.5	121.4	4.8	1.0	4.0	1.5	3.1	0.7	105.3
Winter Spelt	143	5.6	82.7	7.9	0.2	2.0	2.1	6.1	1.9	61.3
Winter Rye	143	5.8	84.0	5.3	0.3	3.5	1.2	5.6	0.1	69.2
Barley Awns	143	4.8	120.0	9.4	1.2	12.7	1.6	2.4	3.7	86.6
Oats	143	6.4	71.2	4.6	2.9	4.0	1.5	1.3	3.5	50.4
Indian Corn-cobs	140	2.3	4.6	2.4	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	1.3
Field Beans	150	16.8	54.5	35.3	1.3	6.8	5.9	2.7	1.2	0.3
Lupine	143	7.2	18.1	8.7	0.7	3.6	1.5	1.1	0.5	0.9
Rape	140	6.4	73.2	11.8	4.4	36.3	4.2	3.4	7.3	1.0
Flax-seed hulls	120	..	54.7	15.4	3.0	15.4	3.3	4.5	3.4	5.0
VIII.—Commercial Plants,etc.
Flax Stems	140	..	30.4	9.4	2.5	6.8	2.0	4.0	2.0	1.7
Rotted Flax Stems	100	..	7.0	0.3	0.2	3.6	0.2	0.8	0.2	1.3
Flax Fibre	100	..	6.8	0.3	0.3	3.6	0.3	0.7	0.3	0.8
Hemp Stems	150	..	33.2	4.6	0.7	20.3	2.4	2.3	0.7	3.5
Hops, entire plant	140	..	81.4	20.1	2.8	18.1	6.4	7.5	3.7	16.4
Hops	120	..	66.8	23.0	1.4	11.1	3.7	11.2	2.4	11.1
Hop Stems	160	..	40.7	11.4	1.7	12.6	2.7	4.4	1.3	3.4
Tobacco Leaves	180	..	151.0	30.3	5.1	62.8	17.7	4.8	5.8	13.5
Wine and Must	866	..	2.1	1.3	..	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.1	..
Wine-grounds	650	..	13.9	6.1	0.2	2.9	0.7	2.5	0.6	0.2
Grape Stems, etc.	550	..	13.0	4.0	1.4	4.5	0.7	1.6	0.3	0.2
Mulberry Leaves	850	..	16.3	3.9	0.2	5.4	1.0	1.3	0.3	4.1
IX.—Materials forBedding.
Reed	180	..	36.7	6.8	0.2	3.3	1.1	2.3	0.6	20.0
Sedge Grass	140	..	61.2	17.7	4.9	4.2	2.9	4.6	2.3	20.3
Rush	140	..	48.1	19.0	3.1	3.6	3.1	4.3	1.3	6.8
Beech Leaves, August	560	..	19.0	3.7	0.4	6.4	1.4	1.8	0.4	3.8
Beech Leaves, Autumn	150	8.0	58.5	2.3	0.4	26.4	3.5	2.4	2.1	19.7
Oak Leaves, August	550	..	15.8	5.4	..	4.1	2.1	1.9	0.4	0.7
Oak Leaves, Autumn	150	8.0	41.7	1.4	0.3	20.3	1.7	3.5	1.8	12.9
Fir Needles	475	5.0	18.4	1.0	0.3	6.1	1.1	1.0	0.4	6.3
Pine Needles	450	..	32.0	0.6	0.1	4.3	0.5	1.4	0.6	22.6
Moss	250	..	19.2	2.6	1.6	2.2	1.1	0.9	1.0	5.5
Fern	250	..	50.7	18.0	2.1	6.2	3.5	4.2	1.8	10.3
Heath	200	10.0	16.6	2.1	1.1	3.6	1.6	1.1	0.7	4.9
Broom	250	..	13.6	4.8	0.3	2.2	1.6	1.1	0.4	1.3
Sea-Weed	150	14.0	122.3	15.9	28.1	16.7	10.0	3.8	26.3	2.5
X.—Grains and Seeds.
Winter Wheat	144	20.8	16.9	5.3	0.4	0.6	2.0	7.9	0.1	0.4
Spring Wheat	143	20.5	18.3	5.5	0.4	0.5	2.2	8.9	0.3	0.3
Spelt, without husk	143	22.0	14.2	5.1	0.5	0.4	1.7	6.0	..	0.2
Spelt, with husk	148	16.0	36.6	5.7	0.4	1.0	2.4	7.6	1.1	17.1
Winter Rye	143	17.6	17.9	5.6	0.3	0.5	2.1	8.4	0.2	0.4
Winter Barley	145	16.0	17.0	2.6	0.7	0.2	2.1	5.6	0.5	4.9
Spring Barley	143	16.0	22.2	4.5	0.6	0.6	1.9	7.7	0.4	6.1
Oats	143	19.2	27.0	4.4	0.6	1.0	1.9	6.2	0.4	12.8
Millet	140	20.3	29.8	3.4	0.4	0.2	2.9	5.9	0.1	15.8
Indian Corn	144	16.0	13.0	3.7	0.2	0.3	2.0	5.9	0.2	0.2
Sorghum	140	..	16.0	3.3	0.5	0.2	2.4	8.1	..	1.2
Buckwheat	140	14.4	11.8	2.7	0.7	0.5	1.5	5.7	0.2	0.1
Peas	143	35.8	23.5	9.8	0.2	1.2	1.9	8.6	0.8	0.2
Field Beans	145	40.8	30.7	13.1	0.4	1.5	2.2	11.9	0.8	0.2
Garden Beans	150	39.0	27.4	12.0	0.4	1.8	2.0	9.7	1.1	0.2
Vetch	143	44.0	26.8	8.1	2.1	2.1	2.4	10.0	1.0	0.3
Lupine	130	56.6	34.1	10.2	0.1	3.0	4.0	14.3	1.5	0.2
Red Clover	150	30.5	38.3	13.5	0.4	2.5	4.9	14.5	0.9	0.5
White Clover	150	..	33.8	12.3	0.2	2.5	3.9	11.6	1.6	0.8
Esparsette	160	..	38.4	11.0	1.1	12.3	2.6	9.2	1.2	0.3
Ruta-bagas	140	..	48.8	9.1	8.5	7.6	8.6	7.6	2.1	1.1
Sugar-Beet	146	..	45.3	11.1	4.2	10.2	7.3	7.5	2.0	0.8
Carrots	120	..	74.8	14.3	3.5	29.1	5.0	11.8	4.2	4.0
Succory	130	..	54.6	6.5	4.6	17.3	5.9	16.5	2.4	0.6
Turnips	125	..	34.6	7.6	0.4	6.1	3.1	14.0	2.5	0.2
Rape	118	31.2	39.1	9.6	0.6	5.5	4.6	16.5	0.9	0.5
Summer-Rape	120	..	34.9	7.7	..	5.2	4.7	14.9	2.3	..
Mustard	130	..	36.5	5.9	2.0	7.0	3.7	14.6	1.8	0.9
Poppy	147	28.0	52.9	7.2	0.5	18.7	5.0	16.6	1.0	1.7
Linseed	118	32.8	32.6	10.0	0.7	2.6	4.7	13.5	0.8	0.4
Hemp	122	26.1	45.3	9.4	0.4	10.9	2.6	16.9	0.1	5.5
Grape-Seeds	110	..	25.0	7.2	..	8.4	2.1	6.0	0.6	0.3
Horse-chestnuts, fresh	492	10.2	12.0	7.1	..	1.4	0.1	2.7	0.3	0.3
Acorns, fresh	560	..	9.6	6.2	0.1	0.7	0.5	1.4	0.4	0.1
XI.—Various AnimalProducts.
Cows’ Milk	875	5.1	6.2	1.5	0.6	1.3	0.2	1.7	..	..
Sheep	860	5.5	8.4	1.8	0.3	2.5	0.1	3.0	0.1	0.2
Cheese	450	45.3	67.4	2.5	26.6	6.9	0.2	11.5	..	..
Ox-blood	790	32.0	7.5	0.6	3.4	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1
Calf-blood	800	29.0	7.1	0.8	2.9	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.1	..
Sheep-blood	790	32.0	7.5	0.5	3.3	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.1	..
Swine-blood	800	29.0	7.1	1.5	2.2	0.1	0.1	0.9	0.1	..
Ox-flesh	770	36.0	12.6	5.2	..	0.2	0.4	4.3	0.4	0.3
Calf flesh	780	34.9	12.0	4.1	1.0	0.2	0.2	5.8	..	0.1
Swine-flesh	740	34.7	10.4	3.9	0.5	0.8	0.5	4.6	..	..
Living Ox	597	26.6	46.6	1.7	1.4	20.8	0.6	18.6	..	0.1
Living Calf	662	25.0	38.0	2.4	0.6	16.3	0.5	13.8	..	0.1
Living Sheep	591	22.4	31.7	1.5	1.4	13.2	0.4	12.8	..	0.2
Living Swine	528	20.0	21.6	1.8	0.2	9.2	0.4	8.8	..	..
Eggs	672	21.8	61.8	1.5	1.4	54.0	1.0	3.7	0.1	0.1
Wool, washed	120	94.4	9.7	1.8	0.3	2.4	0.6	0.3	..	2.5
Wool, unwashed	150	54.0	98.8	74.6	1.9	4.2	1.6	1.1	4.0	3.0

The following table is shown in “thumbnail” form. The full-width version is given in a [separate file].

B.—AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS MANURES.

W Water. OS Organic Substance. A Ash. N Nitrogen. P Potash. S Soda.

L Lime. M Magnesia. PhA Phosphoric Acid. SA Sulphuric Acid. S&S Silica and Sand. C&F Chlorine and Florine.